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此次特展的第一件重要展品,就是宋徽宗的御笔《怪石》诗帖。全诗用楷书“瘦金体”写成,笔法嶙峋飘逸,这是宋徽宗苦练黄庭坚字体之后,独辟蹊径,自创的一种字体,能体现宋徽宗的风采。宋徽宗对怪石有特殊的爱好,这来自于他崇信的道教。1113年,宋徽宗自称得到太上老君托梦,成为狂热的道教信奉者,后世称之为“道君皇帝”。道教崇尚山石,宋徽宗更是相信怪石中有蟠龙神力,身处怪石环绕之中,可以帮助自己得道升天。宋徽宗在全国搜罗怪石长达二十年,史称“花石纲”,并开启了中国古代鉴赏怪石的风气。这篇《怪石》诗帖,真实表现了宋徽宗的品位,而且和历史相呼应,确实是难得的珍品。
宋徽宗的艺术成就一是创新,还有一个则是复古。北宋经历了古文运动之后,无论朝野,都立足于中国上古时期的经典,力求在文化上恢复到夏商周三代时期的样貌。商周时期的文化,除了古书上留下的文字经典之外,最重要的就是考古发掘出来的青铜礼器了。宋徽宗为了复古,铸造了一批仿古的礼乐青铜器,以示自己“制礼作乐”的功绩。这些青铜器留到今天,也都是珍贵的文物了。
这次特展有两件宋徽宗时期的青铜器,第一个是政和鼎,它高23厘米,外表看起来完全就是商末周初的形制,鼎内还用古篆字刻有铭文,写明是政和六年赐予童贯之物,“子子孙孙其永保之”,可以说是北宋时期复古艺术的代表。第二件青铜器更为珍贵,是一枚“大晟钟”。中国古代“礼”和“乐”是一样重要的,但是自秦代之后,乐经失传,乐器编钟的制作方法也一并流失了,到了北宋,宫廷乐师连钟应该是圆的扁的都不知道。宋徽宗感慨于全国上下音律不齐,下令铸造了一套“大晟钟”来规范声乐。这套钟是根据当时出土的战国古钟仿制的,工艺精湛,是宋代声乐文物的代表。大晟钟一共铸造了366枚,目前世界上仅剩下25枚,而且上面的文字也由“大晟”变成了“大和”,因为北宋徽宗末年,北方金兵入侵,国家灭亡。金太宗名叫完颜晟,金人为了避讳,就把钟上的铭文刮掉重刻了。
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