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“姐妹花”坚守“江加走木偶头”:用匠心传承古老技艺

2016-09-09 09:47:31   中国新闻网

中新网泉州9月8日电 题:“姐妹花”坚守“江加走木偶头”:用匠心传承古老技艺

作者 廖静

临近傍晚,黄紫燕姐妹与母亲还坚守在自家十几平方米的工作室里:姐姐黄紫燕低着头认真雕磨一个初胚,妹妹黄雪玲在旁边打磨另外一个木偶头,而年近7旬的母亲一会儿为木偶头打孔,一会儿为新刻出来的木偶头裱土。

这是“江加走木偶头”第四代传承人黄紫燕一家的常见一幕。

“江加走木偶头”是泉州传统的代表性木偶头流派,而江加走是一代木偶雕刻巨匠,被国际木偶界誉为“木偶之父”,他制作的木偶头像被国家当作一级文物来珍藏。黄紫燕的父亲黄义罗是“江加走木偶头”的第三代传承人,也是国家级“非遗”传承人,其木偶头作品在东南亚、日本以及台湾等地很受欢迎。

作为“70后”手工艺人,黄紫燕这对“姐妹花”传人有着与别人不一样的经历。

“小时候,木偶头工作室就是我们的游乐场。”黄雪玲说,从小跟在父亲后面,看他做木偶,有时候也帮帮忙,父亲做的妙趣横生的木偶头就是她们的最好玩具。

“当时,父亲见我们是女孩子,并没有想让我们跟着学,因为父亲觉得刻木偶头比较辛苦。”不过,从小受父亲的影响,姐妹俩后来求学都选择了艺术专业,姐姐学雕塑,妹妹学绘画。

一组包括“白娘子”、“蜘蛛精”、“白骨精”等神怪人物的木偶头,是妹妹黄雪玲的新作。廖静 摄

姐妹俩从学校毕业后,就跟着父亲做木偶头。或许是从小的耳濡目染,两人很快上手,“包括跟父亲合做的木偶头,应该有上万个了吧。”

从孩提时代跟在父亲后面打下手,到豆蔻年华时向父亲学艺,到如今成了市级技艺传承人,姐妹俩做木偶头已有二十几年。

以前,她们父亲健在的时候,一家四口做木偶;如今,父亲辞世后,母女三人依旧延续这种家庭作坊的模式,而其母亲50多年练出来的手艺为她们创作创新立下了“汗马功劳”。

“其实,从父亲开始,就有陆续创作法海、小沙弥等一些新的木偶头。”渐渐地,根据电视剧里人物造型来做木偶头,成为了姐妹俩的创新追求。

“赵雅芝”版的白娘子,《西游记》中的蜘蛛精、白骨精……妹妹偏爱神怪系列,姐姐更喜传统戏剧人物。因此,妹妹创作一组“白娘子”木偶头,姐姐则创作了地方戏剧故事中的“陈三五娘”一组木偶头。

新雕刻出来的木偶头造型与正在埋头工作的“江加走木偶头”传承人相映成趣。廖静 摄

“我觉得我们生产的不是商品。”40岁出头的黄学玲,个性外向,指着新创作的作品乐呵呵地说,“不少朋友也纷纷提意见,希望更多一些符合现代审美的作品。”

尽管“江加走木偶头”一度代表着着泉州传统木偶头技艺的水平,一个个标注着“黄义罗木偶坊”的特有木偶头也得到不少藏家的认可,黄雪玲依然感叹,还是抵挡不了木偶头手艺走向颓势的社会现实。

相较父亲一代,如今她们还通过网络进行推广,让更多人了解木偶头技艺;官方也重视这些传统手工技艺。黄雪玲说,有不少年轻人慕名前来“取经”,“不过最终坚持下来的寥寥无几。”

黄紫燕也心存忧虑,自己的女儿目前正读大学,学的是金融,来传承木偶头技艺的可能性很小;而社会上,很少有人愿意花四到五年时间来静心学艺。

如今,性格外向的妹妹黄雪玲担起向社会传播“江加走木偶头”技艺的重任,“向一些感兴趣的中小学生讲课,不至于让这项老技法丢了。”(完)

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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