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海内外考古专家学者齐聚四川 探讨唐蕃古道遗存和保护

2016-07-18 15:45:14   

专家学者在长沙干玛乡现场查看吐蕃时期摩崖石刻情况。刘忠俊 摄

中新网石渠7月18日电 (记者 刘忠俊)7月15至18日,“唐蕃古道暨石刻文化论坛”在四川藏区石渠县举行,来自北京、四川以及美国的相关研究人员和学者就“吐蕃时期石刻”和“唐蕃古道”相关问题展开了探讨,尤其是对石渠吐蕃时期石刻图像研究、石刻遗存与唐蕃古道的关系、历史背景、交通线路等遗存的研究和保护建言献策。

四川石渠县地处甘孜藏族自治州西北边陲,川青藏三省(区)结合部,藏语称为“扎溪卡”,意为“居住在雅砻江边的游牧部落”。其境内有世界上最长的石经墙、最为远古神奇的石经城、保存完好的唐蕃摩崖石刻(群)、神秘的利山巨石群,康巴藏区保存最为完好的土司官寨,康巴藏区第一个建在寺庙里的博物馆,原始古朴的查加部落,世界上最长的史诗——《格萨尔王传》也发祥于此。

据了解,由四川文物考古研究院和故宫博物院联合开展的石渠县吐蕃时期石刻群调查,获得“中国2013年度十大考古新发现”。“发现保存完好的唐蕃摩崖石刻(群)具有重要的艺术价值和历史价值,也是四川藏区25万平方公里的范围内首次发现大规模吐蕃时期遗存。”四川文物考古研究院研究员王婷女士称,石渠发现吐蕃时期石刻群数量多、题材丰富、价值高、保存状况良好,成为中国现存已发现的吐蕃时期石刻分布密集、数量较多的县之一。同时为唐蕃古道走向、路线考证提供了新资料,填补了青藏高原东部唐蕃古道走向重要环节的资料空白。

论坛期间,专家们对石渠境内吐蕃时期石刻遗存进行了现场考察,与会专家学者以“吐蕃时期石刻”和“唐蕃古道”为切入点展开了精彩的发言,同时探讨了石渠吐蕃时期石刻图像研究,石刻遗存与唐蕃古道的关系,唐蕃古道的历史背景、交通线路情况,以及唐蕃古道与文化线路遗产保护的关系,吐蕃时期其它区域的关联遗存等问题。

“正是因为一次考古新发现为我们的研究提出了更多问题,才更能真正说明其发现的重要性。”故宫博物院原常务副院长李季先生称,对于唐蕃古道走向的共识一般认为由西安经西宁经清水河经那区至拉萨。近年来学术界对唐蕃古道走向的研究开始关注玉树地区以及藏东地区,尤其关注这两个区域保存丰富的吐蕃时期石刻遗存。

过去的30年间,考古学家们陆续发现了一批有重要意义的吐蕃时期的摩崖石刻,它们主要分布在青海玉树、西藏江达县、察雅县、芒康县、四川甘孜石渠县等地,基本沿金沙江两岸分布。“学者们的研究视角始终锁定于金沙江流域与唐蕃古道的关系。但是由于存在资料空白,对于唐蕃古道的具体走向,学术界还存在着争议。”故宫博物院藏传佛教文物研究所所长罗文华先生表示,此次的发现再次强化了金沙江东畔洛须镇在唐蕃交流中的重要性,长沙干马乡须巴神山摩崖石刻群的发现更是将这条路线的方向指向雅砻江上游,暗示这条唐蕃古道很可能是从洛须渡过金沙江,然后沿着高山台地往东,抵达雅砻江上游。“这是此前学术界较少关注过的一条新线路。”罗文华称,石渠等地发现的吐蕃时期摩崖石刻整体艺术呈现出吐蕃样、尼泊尔-印度样与汉式样的混合,其尼泊尔-印度样、吐蕃样的艺术风格与河西地区(敦煌)似乎并无直接之关系,应当是西藏本土传来。

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