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探秘故宫消防中队:紫禁城里的安全卫士

2016-06-23 09:52:13   北京晚报

故宫的东南一隅,有一支驻守紫禁城41年的队伍。川流不息的游客,无从知晓他们的存在。他们时时备勤,却不希望有上阵之日;他们日日苦练,却不奢求获得任何“战绩”。他们是现代的“御林军”,甘愿付出汗水、青春,只为换来故宫的永久安宁。

他们被唤作紫禁卫士——故宫消防中队。记者日前走进紫禁城,探访这支神秘之师,揭秘他们的荣耀与辛劳。

小院

当年编四库全书的地方

长安街南池子大街,一路向北。一对情侣拿出自拍杆,依偎着用手机自拍,定格两张幸福的笑脸,背景是高高的宫墙和庄严的东华门。

一个身着迷彩训练服的小伙子走出宫门,记者跟着他走进了紫禁城。一入宫门,周遭的世界马上静了下来,这里并非主要参观区域,如果不是旺季,鲜有人员走动。

小伙子名叫刘洋,正值而立之年,是故宫消防中队的指导员,也是目前中队官兵中驻守故宫时间最长的人。

“目前我们中队有官兵77人。”一边走,刘洋一边介绍着。1970年,周恩来总理从府右街消防中队调来了一个排,负责故宫内的防火。1975年,故宫消防中队正式建队,至今已有41年了。

记者跟着刘洋过一座小桥,走进一重院门,眼前豁然开朗。左手边一个小院,“这就是我们中队驻地。”刘洋指引着。

对于拥有8000余间屋舍的故宫来讲,这个小院不算大,几排整齐的古建分别是消防队的会议室、接警室以及战士们的宿舍。一些工作照片和防火宣传黑板报凸显着它如今的“身份”。

“这是故宫的国史西馆,以前用来存放古籍,旁边紧挨着的就是文渊阁,纪晓岚当年编四库全书的地方。”刘洋介绍着。

2008年,刘洋大学毕业,通过社招进入消防部队,被分到故宫消防中队。第一次“进宫”,刘洋只知道从东华门进来的,“进了院,武装包一扔,就让跑圈去了……”这是进宫的第一课。刘洋笑着说:“那时候觉得故宫好大啊,跑得都蒙了。”

装备

“御马厩”里停放消防车

离消防队所在的国史西馆院外不远,就是曾经的御马厩,现在是中队存放消防车辆的地方。马厩变车库,也是古今的“契合”。

“御马厩”里的消防车都是最平常不过的水罐车、云梯车,院里甚至还停着几辆更“小儿科”的电瓶车。

刘洋解释说:“我们这儿的车要么是老款的小型车,要么是改装过的,大型消防车根本放不下。”

三大殿中最大的太和殿高26米,虽说支队的云梯车能升到26米的高度,但是太和殿外围有台阶,消防车根本上不去,上坡就会拖底。如果在台阶外围作业,即便升到最高也近不了太和殿的身。想要够到太和殿的顶,起码得是40多米的云梯,那种车辆的体型太大根本就进不了宫门。

三大殿外有宫门,其他大多数殿宇间距又小,对消防车的高和宽都有限制。因地制宜,是消防队唯一的选择。大车不灵活,中队专门为故宫装配了4辆轻巧的小电瓶车,虽然载水量只有几百升,但至少可以肩负起初期压制火情的任务,也可以尽量争取时间。

故宫的建筑结构决定着,一旦发生警情,救援都要颇费些周折。

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
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