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城中村里窄巷原是唐时赶考古道

2016-06-14 11:06:03   广州日报

溪古道旁的冯氏宗祠。

白云区挖掘古道历史为京溪商圈注入文化

文/广州日报记者肖桂来 通讯员黄剑丰、孙永彬

图/广州日报记者廖雪明

繁荣的现代化京溪商圈中竟藏着一条千年古道,不仅外人不知道,就连住在古道周围的街坊都不了解!原来,这条京溪古道是古代岭南赴京的一段重要驿路,且对今天广州重要交通要道广州大道北的形成具有特别的影响。近日,白云区京溪街开展了京溪古道的普查,将通过对京溪古道历史文化进行挖掘,为当地现代化商圈注入文化内涵。

古道始于唐 历经千年风雨

据介绍,京溪村在唐朝开始兴盛,因为村民引用白云山溪水灌溉耕种,年年五谷丰登。京溪古道东起沙太路,西连广州大道北,直至白云山风景区。如今的广州大道北已经发展成广州北部的重要商贸圈,自南向北连着众多大型商场,京溪古道却淹没在栉比鳞次的城中村之中。

白云山脚下的京溪原名黄猄塘,是旧时的交通要道,后根据民国年间所立的牌坊石刻“京溪古道”而改名。据考证,唐朝时候实行科举考试之后,这条路就是当年广州一带考生上京赴考的必经之路,南来北往的富商达官贵人也常在此歇宿、交易买卖。有商人在附近山溪养殖的大山蟹是当时的山珍海味;更有商人在周边圈养犀牛、瘦肉狗等,逐渐成为畜牧市场和出口交易基地。这些历史,也可从京溪村附近地名可以依稀看到,如白水塘、蟹山、麒麟岗、犀牛角、牛利岗等。

有老街坊告诉记者,民国时期,京溪古道还建有青砖门楼,1958年大炼钢的时候,青砖门楼被拆,青砖用于建造炼钢锅炉,石刻则被遗弃。1996年,京溪古道牌坊重新建立,碑刻被找了回来,如今屹立在京溪古道入口。

千年古道两旁仍保留四姓大祠堂

近日,记者走访发现,京溪古道早已不复当年的繁华,取而代之的是逼仄、充满市井气息的城中村。“谁也想不到,城中村这条内巷便是曾经的古驿道!”一位老街坊感叹。一位博客网友还为古道赋诗称,“京溪名犹在,古道湮难寻。蔽日里巷窄,群楼密如林。”

记者注意到,京溪古道口的牌坊很高,上面写着“京溪古道”四个字,字体苍劲有力,落款竟然是“哪吒元帅”,至于为何,却无人知晓。从牌坊处往里看,古道很窄,已经成为城中村的一条内巷,两边大多是菜馆、发廊、旅店等各式店铺。

京溪古道全长大约1公里,走进去,道路两旁依然保留着见证旧时京溪村兴衰的“潘、冯、李、苏”四姓大祠堂和香火鼎盛的观音堂、二帝古庙。尽管部分建筑为后来重建,但不少青灰砖墙、壁画、雕梁画栋、大石门槛等也有近两百多年历史,在如此短距离内集中着如此多的清代传统建筑,京溪古道堪称文化古道。

一位街坊告诉记者,现在古道旁还有一棵枯死的老榕树头,但是榕树年份不详。“过去京溪一带生长了很多榕树,至今附近的同和街还有一个村名为榕树头村。我们可以猜测曾经的京溪古道旁,也是榕树成荫,一片乡野美景。”

古道旁一处名为“致和里”门楼前,记者在裂开的水泥地面上依稀可以看到一些青石板,一些青砖墙壁上满是青苔。对于京溪古道曾经的面貌,街坊只有一些近代记忆。“我出身的地方就在京溪村致和里的小巷里,记得小时候我们几姐妹就在小巷里外追逐玩耍、捉迷藏……过着无忧无虑的童年生活。现在已年过50岁了,依然怀念在这里的生活。我的父母已经快80岁了,在这里我要感谢他们的养育之恩,给我一个幸福的童年。”一位街坊说。

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