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西汉铁斧有中国最早“商标” 刻“渔”字代表产地

2016-06-02 09:38:02   燕赵晚报

该展览此前在北京、天津展出时极为火爆,分别吸引了几十万人次入馆。昨天天津博物馆馆长陈卓就笑说:“河北博物院的长信宫灯与透雕龙凤纹铜铺首最受欢迎。”河北博物院院长罗向军则透露此次展出文物中:“河北的文物占一半,京津占一半,三地都把精品拿出来了。”目前三地博物馆正在策划新的合作项目:“计划做同一个题目下三个不同主题的展览,还要巡展,意味着本地民众将欣赏到首都博物馆与天津博物馆更多的藏品。”

伯矩鬲代表燕国青铜制造最高水平

此次首都博物馆的“鼎天鬲(lì)地”——堇鼎和伯矩鬲参加了京津冀历史文化展,它们都是首博的镇馆之宝。

上世纪60年代北京房山琉璃河遗址就已出土精美的宝物,向人们讲述燕国的故事。当时一位农民在自家后院挖菜窖,无意中刨出了几件青铜器。经调查发掘,这里是一处西周初期的大型墓葬,出土的大量文物中就有堇鼎和伯矩鬲。

堇鼎是目前发现体形最大、最重的西周燕国青铜器,重41.5公斤,高62厘米。腹内铸有26字铭文,记载了燕侯派大臣堇前往宗周(今西安)为太保奉献食物之事;伯矩鬲被誉为中国最美的青铜器之一。它高约30厘米,工艺精美,采用高浮雕和浅浮雕相结合,通体装饰七个风格各异的牛首兽面纹。纹饰如此复杂的铜器一次铸成,堪称燕国青铜艺术与工艺的巅峰之作。它的盖内及颈内壁有相同的十五字铭文:“在戊辰,燕侯赐伯矩贝,用作父戊尊彝”。大意是某年某月的戊辰这一天,燕侯赏赐贵族伯矩海贝,伯矩为纪念这一荣耀而铸造了这件铜器,并用于祭祀父亲戊。商周时海贝被作为货币使用,赐贝就相当于赐钱。

《清乾隆漕运图》真品展7天

天津博物馆馆长陈卓昨天说,此次该馆有50多件文物亮相“京津冀历史文化展”:“基本都是首次出天津展览。”其中就有该馆镇馆之宝《清乾隆漕运图》。

漕运是清朝的经济命脉,不仅维护京师粮食供应,而且对国家的稳定具有重大意义。清代漕运制度之全面,规定之细密,法令之严整为历代所不及。《清乾隆漕运图》是绢本设色长卷,长746厘米,高57厘米。这张图作者不详,依大运河走势右起北京通州,左至杭州。图中各漕运码头之间的距离均用文字注明里数,各省漕粮的集结地点、运输线路等漕运资料,都能在图中相关位置找到文字说明。此次在石家庄展出与京津冀相关的一段,仔细看还能找到沧州、青县等地名。

河北博物院有关人士提醒说,出于文物保护的原因,这幅《漕运图》原件在省博展出一个星期就将“回家”,各位读者想看原件要趁早啦。

古代进口玻璃瓶曾比黄金还贵

昨天第一眼看到辽代玻璃瓶的人都觉得不稀奇,但在宋辽时期,这件不起眼的小家伙可是真正的奢侈品,比黄金还贵。它出自天津独乐寺上层塔室,也是天津博物馆的镇馆之宝。

早在5000多年前,古埃及人就已经制作出玻璃制品。后来我们的祖先发明了无色玻璃,由于中国的陶、瓷制造太发达,因此几千年来中国的玻璃制造一直没有较大提高。西亚一些国家非常重视玻璃工艺,到公元七八世纪时,也就是中国的唐代,那时已能制造出异常精美的玻璃器物,当时被称为“琉璃”。宋代以后海上丝绸之路兴起,包括玻璃瓶在内的异国奇珍也由此来到中国东部沿海。这次展出的辽代花玻璃瓶,据检测其成分和波斯(今伊朗)出土的玻璃瓶一样,形状和花纹与德黑兰考古博物馆的一件十世纪玻璃瓶相似,它就是远渡重洋的“进口”商品。

西汉铁斧上有中国最早的“商标”

大葆台西汉墓博物馆位于北京丰台区,是在距今2000多年前西汉广阳倾王刘建(公元前73年-公元前45年)的地下宫殿原址上建立起来的,刘建是汉武帝的孙辈。此次“京津冀历史文化展”就有该馆的“渔”字铁斧、双面刻墨玉舞人等10件文物。

大葆台汉墓中出土的大量铁器中最有代表性的是“渔”字铁斧。斧子的一面有个凸起的“渔”字——这是渔阳铁官作坊的标记。渔阳郡故城就在今天北京密云县西南,学术界认为这一发现是西汉“盐铁官营”政策的重要证据。还有人说,斧身标上代表产地的“渔”字,堪称中国最早的“商标”。

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