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“西北联大”因何名声甚微 存在时间仅一年

2016-05-26 15:03:09   人民政协报

西北工学院、西北农学院分拆出来之后,其他部分依然以“西北联大”称名。在此期间,“联大”的教学科研依然正常运行。

在西北联大第45次校常务委员会上,还决议以“公诚勤朴”四字作为联大校训;并聘请国文系主任黎锦熙,法商学院院长许寿裳两位著名学者制撰校歌。从后来发表的情况看,校歌为黎锦熙一人署名。《国立西北联合大学校歌》:

并序联黉,卌载燕都迥;

联辉合耀,文化开秦陇。

汉江千里源蟠冢,

天山万仞自卑隆。

文理导愚蒙,

政法倡忠勇;

师资树人表,

实业拯民穷,

健体明医弱者雄,

勤朴公诚校训崇。

华夏声威,神州文物;

原从西北,化被南东;

努力发扬我四千年国族之雄风!

这一切工作的情形,让人感觉这所“联合大学”完全可以正常开展下去。可事实并不如人愿。西北工学院、西北农学院从“西北联大”分拆出去不过一年,1939年8月,国民政府行政院决定,改国立西北联合大学为国立西北大学。原西北联大师范学院、医学院分别独立设置,更名为国立西北师范学院,国立西北医学院。

“西北联合大学”这个名称,就此消失。

  “五校分立,合作办学”

有意思的现象出现了。尽管在官方文件中,由此之后,“西北联大”这个名称不存在了,但在后来很长时间,甚至以至于今的岁月,人们提起曾经在这里的高校,仍常常以“西北联大”称谓。譬如今天到西北工学院所在的古路坝天主教堂,人们会告诉你,这就是“西北联大”的所在地。即使在城固县城的几处当年学校旧址,人们也直称“西北联大”;就连见诸书刊的大量文字,写到相关学校情况时,也大都以“西北联大”统而言之。这其中的一个最基本的原因,是这里的学校名称虽然已变更,可原本共居于一座小城,一些设施通用,许多教师合聘,学校之间仅仅一墙之隔的现象比比皆是。在多数人眼里,他们都是外地迁来的教师、学生。他们的学校名称,那就是刚到来时响亮的“西北联大”。

事实也正是如此。虽然名称上已经分拆,可城固这座小城中,仍然涵纳着西北大学、西北师范学院、西北工学院等原“西北联大”的主干院校,居于汉中的西北医学院,居于沔县的西北农学院离这里也不过数十公里。后来有分开的学校又汇合一起,甚至出现两所学校由一位校长同时管理的特别情形等等,这样的现象几乎维持到抗战结束。所以,一些学者将此时直到抗战结束称为“西北联大”的“五校分立,合作办学”时期。

1939年8月之后,国立西北大学承接了“西北联大”的主体部分,仍为西北地区唯一之大学。(其余均为学院)当然,负责管理的方式同时有改变。原“西北联大”为校务委员会制,此时改为校长负责制,并任命原校委常委胡庶华为西北大学校长。学校设文学院、理学院、法商学院。下设中文、外语、历史、数学、物理、化学、生物、地质地理、法律、政治、经济、商学等12系。分出的西北师范学院也实行院长负责制。原“联大”校委常委李蒸任院长。学院设有国文、英语、史地、数学、理化教育、体育等十系。分出的西北医学院设院长等职务,学院因人数有限,未分系。城固这座小县,仍然涵纳了数所完整的大学和学院。除去西北工学院设在距县城约12公里的古路坝天主教堂外,县城内的西北大学与西北师范学院隔壁为邻,可以说完全处于合而未分的状态。按《北京师范大学校史》的描述:“文、理、教育和各科学生的宿舍、教室、图书馆都是与西北大学合用。长时期‘西大’、‘西师’相关系科及其课程是合班讲授。一因西北师范学院建校之初,并无单独的校舍;二因西北大学文理科学生多为西北联大教育学院(师范学院)的学生。其中许多学生原是北平师大的学籍。”甚至“教授、讲师,虽各有专任,但大多数始终是在‘西大’和‘西师’互相兼课。”(转引自《西北联大史料汇编》712页)由此可见,当时教育部做出分拆“西北联大”的决定,是不够切合实际的。

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