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最后一辈金沙江畔纤夫老去 金江号子或失传(组图)

2016-05-05 17:31:59   四川新闻网

江津乐等老船工再现当年拉纤的情景(曾忠摄影)

四川新闻网宜宾5月5日讯(记者 李春雨)长江,中国最长的一条河流,养育了世世代代无数人。一条长江,就是一部活生生的历史,滚滚江水一去不复返,波涛中的朵朵浪花记载着无数故事,而金江号子就是其中璀璨的一朵浪花。

金沙江船工号子来源于金沙江船工们的生活,是在古老的木船航运过程中产生出来的一种独特的民间音乐。它集指挥航运劳作、协调航运劳动的一致性和娱乐性为一体,是对船工生存方式和生活状态的真实写照。

“实实在在干过纤夫的同辈老伙计们都去了,就剩我和我师弟了。我最担心的,就是在我们两人百年后,这金沙江边的声声号子或许就要失传了……”今年75岁的金江号子省级非遗传承人江津乐满怀担忧。

江津乐等老船工再现当年拉纤的情景(曾忠摄影)

16岁上船当纤夫

5月4日,当记者见到江津乐老爷子时,他神采奕奕的眼神、中气十足的声音以及硬朗的身体让人很难将眼前的老人和75岁的年龄划上等号。老爷子从16岁开始当纤夫,“小时候我们住在江边,看见很多船在江里跑来跑去,还有人在大声唱‘歌’,就喜欢上了船。16岁时,为了生活,也因为喜欢,我当了船工,也是纤夫。”

“纤夫”,就是专以纤绳帮人拉船为生的人。据了解,自明代开始,金沙江下游的生产和社会得到前所未有的发展,金沙江船运也自然得到发展,粮食、布匹成为该段航路运送最多的货物,船运也成为了金沙江下游两岸人民生产、生活和社会发展的主要组成部份。

在江津乐当纤夫时,长江航运还以木船人力运输为主,江津乐和同事们主要负责的是金沙江屏山到雷波一段的水路。金沙江是长江上游最险要的河段,由于水流湍急,滩多水险,水位落差大,刚刚当上纤夫的江津乐吃了不少苦头。“拉船靠的就是一股劲,刚刚开始的时候我掌握不好技巧,老是会把皮磨破,肩上、背上、手上,都是伤。为了练好手艺,江津乐不仅不时向老船工请教,还一直私下琢磨,想办法练手艺。渐渐的,江津乐成了一名优秀的纤夫,得到了大家的承认。

六十年代西南地震时,江津乐帮助运送救灾物资进入雷波县,这成为了其纤夫生涯中印象最深的一件事。“当时地震后,雷波道路中断,只有从水路运送粮食进去。我们近百名船工拉着装满粮食的船一直逆流而上,从宜宾把粮食送到了雷波,受到了当地居民的热烈欢迎,缓解了当地的灾情。当时我们一到雷波,当地居民十分热情地拉着我们吃饭,那场景我至今都难忘。”江津乐回忆说。

江津乐老人创办的金江号子传承基地

苦练技艺 掌握三千多首口授号子

当好纤夫的同时,江津乐对船工号子产生了浓厚的兴趣。“在我开始学习的时候,号子都是通过口口相传的方式进行传授,没有书面和系统的东西,更多的是靠自己学习领会。”为了学好、练好金江号子,江津乐缠着老辈号子头学习要领,几年下来,江津乐熟练掌握了喊号子的技巧,由于江津乐嗓子好、嗓门大、节奏感强,号子唱得越来越好,成为伙伴中的“号子头”。

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