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越剧110周年发展浮世绘:传统国粹砥砺中坚守文脉传承

2016-05-01 13:31:48   

老戏台,长板凳,长袖翻飞一曲情,越剧迎来了她110周年的纪念日。

2016年4月19日,绍兴文化馆内,绍兴小百花越剧团公祭大禹陵活动专场越剧《鉴水吟》展演。

舞台上锣鼓响起,武戏正打得激烈,吴凤花目光流转,闪烁间又英气十足,稳稳踢了一个台步叹道:“我马臻义无反顾开湖蓄水,愿创成鉴湖造福千秋万代!”激昂情绪,唱词直触人心,就这几分钟的翻云覆雨间,迎来台下“炸窝”般的喝彩。

这场戏经过近两年的精心策划与准备,由越剧名角吴凤花当家出演。从编剧,到导演,再到演员,可谓全明星阵容,看点颇多。

只是与当年一票难求万人空巷的盛况不同,如今绍兴文化馆观众席上观众的身影略显疏落,为剧情鼓舞赞叹的人多也白发斑驳。

“剧团之所以举步维艰,在于他的受众群体在萎缩。”薛亮表示,一出新剧目从剧本创作到排演,再到首演,至少要一年甚至数年的时间。这样的创作速度与当下的流行文化形成了鲜明对比,使戏曲艺术的“慢”难以跟上“快”时代步伐。

市场挖掘另辟蹊径传统越剧农村“抢班子”

越剧,这门代表中国传统文化精粹的戏剧在当代真的衰落了么?

“不要用观众群来判定一种艺术的兴衰。”薛亮一语定音。

当下,虽然多数城市中的越剧团都面临着“门庭冷落”的困境,但在广大农村却有“办团”之风,逢年过节甚至还有“抢班子”现象,看似简陋的小剧团日子也过的红红火火。

越剧下乡表演时,都是连演好几天,场场爆满。哪怕下雨,村民们也愿意大老远从隔壁村赶过来,他们或带着雨具,或戴着草帽,或骑着三轮车,或带着小凳子,台上演员的每一个眼神和动作,他们都看得津津有味。

“每当村里有越剧演出,都有人早早地来占位子,演出结束还有人依依不舍,我也是个越剧迷,总觉得再先进的娱乐方式也替代不了越剧带来的那份快乐,有时候一连看5、6天也觉得没看够!”这是浙江省诸暨市陶朱街道一位老人的心声。

“城市中越剧的冷落并不能代表当下越剧没有受众群体,只是这个群体面临萎缩,当然这个更促使我们思考越剧在新时期如何进一步创新。”陈君说,越剧在城市中有所淡出,在农村依然受追捧。

不难看出,越剧这种艺术有小众化趋势。只是这批受众,多是农村里一些没有太高消费能力的老人群体。

仅在越剧之乡嵊州,民间职业剧团就有100多个。生意好的时候,一个越剧团一年要演出七八百场戏,经济效益也很可观。“现在,我们台柱子的年收入已经达到40万。”石国荣告诉记者。

记者在采访中了解到,民间越剧团已经成为浙江农村文化市场的主力之一。

民营剧团的组建多数采用个人投资方式,基本上是通过演出经纪人(一般为剧团团长)采用“自愿组团、自主经营、自备服装、自带伙食、自定分配”的办法进行组织,完全依靠自己在演出市场中出效益。观众可以任意点戏,除大戏外,他们还会“落地唱书”编演一些即兴节目,中间还演唱流行歌曲。这样的“艺术大拼盘”像大杂院,但很受农民观众的喜爱。

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