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成都平原最早古城:史前人骨完好 4600年前核桃随葬

2016-04-19 10:33:27   华西都市报

高山古城遗址发掘出的史前墓地,人骨保存完好。

  最震撼/

  高山古城遗址人骨罕见完好,亦为成都平原已发现年代最早最完好史前墓地。

  最费解/

  随葬品中发现3枚4600年前的核桃,这一随葬习俗在成都平原尚属首次发现。

  神秘的古蜀文明,一直是萦绕在人们心中的谜团。约在上世纪90年代,考古队员在成都平原相继发现了距今4500年-3700年的8座古城遗址,它们比三星堆文化早近千年,人们把这类文化遗存命名为“宝墩文化”。宝墩文化遗址的发现,为我们探寻古蜀先民的神秘踪迹留下了种种线索。

  在宝墩文化的8座古城中,位于大邑县的高山古城遗址历史悠久,属于宝墩文化早期。4月17日,成都文物考古研究所专家向记者确认,高山古城遗址是成都平原最早的古城遗址,该遗址成为成都平原史前考古的新坐标。基于其重要性,高山古城遗址入选了国家文物局组织评选的2015年中国重要考古发现。

高山古城遗址发现的古城墙。

  发现古城/

  初步断代为宝墩文化早期

  高山古城遗址位于四川省成都市大邑县原三岔镇赵庵村古城埂,地处成都平原的西南边缘。

  该古城遗址被发现于2003年春天。当时,成都考古队正在大邑盐店古城遗址进行考古调查,偶然听说附近有一处地名为“古城村”,这引起了考古队的注意。他们前往村落调查发现了东边和南边各有一道墙,并确认这就是古城的城墙。

  高山古城平面形状大致呈梯形,东西平均长632米,南北平均长544.5米,面积约34.4万平方米;通过东城墙的解剖,初步确认该城墙修筑时代属于宝墩文化偏早时期;壕沟始于宝墩,废弃于汉代。

  2003年发现遗址后,一直未进行正式的考古调查。直到2012年,考古队在高山古城遗址内外区域进行了详细勘探,总面积近200万平方米。2015年,在国家文物局、四川省文物局的批准下,本年度发掘800平方米。

  近年来的考古勘探和发掘,已经向我们勾勒出一幅生动的先民生活画卷。

核桃随葬让人匪夷所思。

  遗物悬疑/

  成都平原首次发现核桃随葬

  在发掘区内,考古人员发现了丰富的遗存,如墓葬、人祭坑、奠基坑、灰坑、灰沟、水井、建筑等等。截至目前,已经清理出墓葬89座、人祭坑1座、灰坑86个、灰沟12条。

  墓穴中的随葬品往往是人们关注的一大焦点。然而,此次高山古城遗址的89座墓葬内,仅有少量墓葬发现有随葬品,目前为止发现有1个象牙制品——象牙镯,以及3个核桃揪。据了解,这种核桃揪是核桃果实的一种,“类似于我们今天的山核桃”。从图片可以看到,这些史前的核桃保存十分完整,纹路清晰。专家介绍,使用核桃作为随葬品的随葬习俗,这在成都平原尚属首次发现。“可能是物依稀为贵,核桃成为了一种珍贵的藏品,也有可能是其他作用。”对于核桃的意义,仍待进一步研究。

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