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安徽现1700年前神秘天子坟 挖出成批龙形金饰

2016-04-15 09:58:38   中安在线

发掘现场。

  原标题:孙休死亡之谜

  被发掘的墓室一角,有石雕牛头,牛角已残缺。

  三国及至两晋时期,上流社会流行炼丹服药,以求健康长寿。据说孙休也染有此习。他的死亡,可能与此有关。

  永安七年(264年)初,蜀国大将钟会、邓艾先后去世,导致蜀国境内百城无主。孙休趁机派兵西征,想占领蜀国。没想到吴国兵临白帝城时,蜀国守将罗宪以区区两千名守兵,坚守城池,岿然不动。孙休闻讯大怒,派兵增援,但交战经年,仍不能攻破,使孙休一筹莫展。而恰在此时,魏国又派兵攻打西陵(今湖北宜昌),使吴国感到有立即自保的必要,因此只好从白帝城撤兵。

  而就在此时,孙休病发,症状是“口不能言”,说不出话来,但可以写字。他以笔代言,急忙召来丞相濮阳兴,令太子来见。仓促之间,托孤而亡,年仅31岁。

  后世有人说孙休去世前的病症,像是服用丹药中毒的症状。

  孙休有四个儿子,托孤所立的太子,当时年仅15岁,不谙世事。丞相濮阳兴和大将军张布都不愿意奉他为皇帝,居然将孙休临终托付的这个太子废掉,另立了孙休的侄儿孙皓为帝。孙皓是孙权第三个儿子孙和的儿子。

  天子坟可能的墓主——孙休还干过一件有趣的事。中国古代历朝有避皇帝讳的规定,这是中国封建社会特有的现象,意思是对君主和尊长的名字,必须避免直接说出或写出,否则,会受到法律的严厉制裁。为了不让百姓因不经意间触犯皇家忌讳而惹祸,孙休给儿子取名字的时候,特意选取了八个极为生僻的字:大儿子孙单(wān),字草(qi);次子孙雷(gōng),字升;三子孙壾(mǎng),字温(ju);四子孙先夜夕(bāo),字秋(yong)。

  为了让老百姓避免意外犯讳致罪,而让自己的孩子去书写这些复杂的生僻字作名字,我们在哀叹孙休没有废除避讳制度的同时,多少能感觉到他有点仁慈的爱民之心。

  截至目前,也有人认为天子坟墓主可能是“太子孙登”。记者以为,从文献记载看,这一说法是站不住脚的。孙登(209-241)是孙权的长子,孙休的大哥。229年,孙权称帝时,孙登即被立为太子,时年21岁。史书记载其去世时33岁,先葬句容,三年之后,“改葬蒋陵”。蒋陵,是孙权死后所葬之地,现在南京市钟山南麓,又叫吴王坟,与安徽当涂的天子坟显然不是一回事。

  当涂天子坟与吴王孙休

  神秘“天子坟”

  3月以来,马鞍山市当涂县发现东吴大墓的消息在媒体上热传。早前有报道称,从出土墓砖及其纹饰看,这是一座距今1700余年的东吴大墓,规模、规格均超过在该市发现的东吴大将朱然之墓;截至目前,该墓已出土一些带有龙形纹饰的金器,如龙形金饰、龙戏金蟾金饰、龙首形铜饰等。人们由此推断,这座墓极有可能是东吴第三位皇帝孙休之墓。一时间,消息不胫而走。近日,记者来到大墓现场,走访相关专家和知情人,对这座神秘大墓及其有可能的墓主进行详细了解。

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