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泰山石刻将开启最大规模保护 立项报告已编制完成

2016-04-08 14:32:51   齐鲁晚报

  文/片本报记者 薛瑞

  泰山经石峪石刻为人熟知,但历经千余年风雨侵蚀,表面刻经面临表层片状剥落、岩体断裂、植物病害等多项问题,其保护工程正式提上日程。

  目前,《泰山经石峪石刻保护工程》立项报告已编制完成,将报送国家文物局批复。经批复后,泰山有关方面将对经石峪金刚经石刻,展开有史以来最大规模的保护工程。

  由于保护涉及黏合加固、环境监测等多个领域,对保护的要求非常高,因此前期基础工作难度很大。

  石刻表层片状剥落,部分石刻岩体断裂

  4月7日上午,记者来到斗母宫东北侧经石峪石刻,石刻周围由石栏围了一圈。表面刻字为红色,与右侧相比,左侧刻字已经有些模糊不清,有些位置石头呈黑色,部分岩石出现断裂情况,周围山体缝隙中还长着不少植物。

  泰山景区文物宗教局工作人员介绍,经过相关专家现场勘察,对经石峪目前出现的病害进行了分析,存在水垢结壳、表层片状剥落、岩体断裂、植物病害等几项问题,严重影响了经石峪石刻的保存和展示。

  由于温差应力、酸雨等环境因素,石刻表面出现大面积表层片状剥落,甚至导致一些石刻字体出现残缺。“岩体部分已经断裂,这对于经石峪石刻的稳定性会产生严重威胁。而从山体缝隙里长出来的这些植物,一旦根系发育钻到岩石内部去生长,对石刻本体的保存会产生严重的安全威胁。”工作人员介绍。

  如今,刻字磨损程度日趋加重,每逢雨季,边上石坝容易出现漏水,岩体表面则受到微生物和苔藓侵蚀。随着工业化程度提高,空气中二氧化碳、硫化物含量增多,使得石刻风化速度加快。而烈日暴晒、大雨骤降等无法控制的外部环境因素,更加剧了对经石峪石刻的伤害。

  砌石坝、灌注、描红,景区曾多次采取措施

  经石峪岩体属黑云母石英闪长岩,岩石呈淡白色,风化后呈褐色,对比明显,十分影响石刻美观。为了延长经石峪石刻的保存寿命,减缓经石峪石刻的风化速度,对经石峪展开抢救性保护迫在眉睫。

  目前,由泰山景区文物宗教局负责编制的《泰山经石峪石刻保护工程》立项报告已经完成,正在进行审定,将报送国家文物局批复。经批复后,保护项目才能全面展开。不过立项报告的完成,标志着搁置多年的经石峪保护项目,被正式提上日程。

  为保护经石峪石刻,景区曾多次采取措施。1967年,景区在石刻北部砌石坝,改水道于石刻西侧;1982年,在石刻周围筑石栏,防止游客进入任意踩踏;2002年,对裂隙发育的岩块和即将剥落的风化岩片,进行灌注粘接处理,并采用有机硅涂覆表面,给石刻“穿”上一层防护服。泰山景区每5 年左右,要把刻字定期描红一次。不过有些措施属于化学保护措施,专家并不支持,而且效果无法长久。

  文物宗教局副局长武玉亮表示,与历年保护措施相比,此次项目比较浩大,更科学,更全面细致,前后时间跨度也会比较长,而且是有史以来规模最大的一次保护项目。

  涉及多个学科领域,前期基础工作难度大

  3月28日、29日,中国文物信息咨询中心、国文科保(北京)新材料科技发展公司三位专家,先后对经石峪进行了现场勘察、调研和论证。专家论证后认为“泰山经石峪《金刚般若波罗蜜经》石刻级别之高,价值之大,国内罕见,修复保护时不我待,且要慎之又慎”。

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