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竺可桢从小矮小瘦弱 胡适与人打赌“他活不过20岁”

2016-03-24 09:49:01   北京晚报

王琪

1918年,获得哈佛大学气象学博士学位的竺可桢满怀憧憬地回到祖国,准备大干一番。可是当时的中国满目疮痍,全国只有为数不多的气象观测站,而且这些观测站还被外国人控制。

从此,竺可桢开始了独立观测气象的艰难历程。经过多年努力,他不仅开始了全国范围内的自主天气预报,还培养出了一大批气象科学家。竺可桢是中国近现代气象科学的奠基人。

与胡适打赌谁活得长

竺可桢从小时候开始就有写日记的爱好,后来人们整理出版了厚厚的五大本。他在逝世3个月前的日记中写道:“我从小身体就差,现已活到了83岁,夫复何求?”竺可桢为何用“夫复何求”这四字来强调,这里还有一段有趣的故事。

1890年3月7日,竺可桢出生在浙江绍兴东关镇一个米粮商人家里。儿时的竺可桢,对于学习有着特别的执着,一读起书来就容易忘了时间的存在。1905年,竺可桢考入上海的澄衷学堂。此时,他父亲生意惨淡,家里经济十分拮据,喜欢读书的竺可桢几经请求,父亲最终同意了他读书的要求。

因为学习机会来之不易,竺可桢在学校非常刻苦,这也导致了他矮小瘦弱,老是一副病恹恹的样子。当时一个叫胡洪骍的同学,在背后与人打赌说:“竺可桢活不过20岁。”竺可桢无意中听到这句话,惊出一身冷汗,从此开始锻炼身体。这位叫胡洪骍的同学,不是别人,正是后新文化运动的发起人之一:胡适。

离开澄衷学堂后,竺可桢进入上海复旦公学读书,胡适则考入上海的中国公学读书。1910年8月,二人同赴北京参加第二期留美庚款公费生选拔考试,竺可桢和胡适都被录取。

9月,美国邮轮“中国皇后”号于上海吴淞港起航,竺可桢和胡适在船上碰面了。此时已经20岁的竺可桢提起胡适和其他同学的“打赌”,胡适不肯认输,说:“你虽然已经活过了20岁,但看你的形容,你无论如何活不过花甲,更不可能比我还长寿!”在美国留学后,这两位老同学又开始打赌,胡适说,“你要是活到了60岁,我在你的寿筵上当着你所有亲友的面给你磕三个响头;你要是比我活得长,你可以在我的尸体屁股上踢一脚!”

虽然是玩笑,但自从打赌之后,竺可桢更坚定了坚持身体锻炼的意志,并养成了游泳、远足等坚持锻炼的好习惯,这也为竺可桢后来到全国各地进行气候测量提供了体力上的保证。

因为各种原因,胡适后来去了台湾,竺可桢留在大陆,竺可桢60大寿时,胡适没有机会给他磕那三个响头;而胡适逝世时(1962年),竺可桢也没办法在他的屁股上踢一脚。不过竺可桢和胡适打赌谁的寿命长的故事,在中国的文化科学界广为流传。

在全国范围内设立观测站

1910年,竺可桢以优异的成绩考取了“庚子赔款”留学美国的名额。竺可桢在填报专业时毫不犹豫地选择了农学,在他看来,“中国以农业立国”,学习农学将来可以更好地报效祖国。竺可桢最开始就读于伊利诺伊大学农学院,因为感觉美国农学与中国的农学有较大差异,1913年夏天毕业后,他转入哈佛大学研究院地理系攻读气象学。有趣的是,胡适当年和竺可桢一样,报的也是农学(康奈尔大学农学院),不过在一门“果树学”的课程上,他实在无法一一辨认出多达数十种的美国苹果品种,1912年,胡适转入康奈尔大学的文学院,改学文史哲。

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