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达州发现千佛岩摩崖造像 佐证千年“荔枝道”走向

2016-03-18 08:39:32   华西都市报

这次勘查的惊喜新发现,位于达州柏家乡的千佛岩摩崖造像,佛道混合,共6龛61身。

佐证千年“荔枝道”走向 达州新发现千佛岩摩崖造像  

唐诗“一骑红尘妃子笑,无人知是荔枝来”脍炙人口,但鲜为人知的是,此诗句所“暗示”的“荔枝道”古已有之,穿越蜀地跨越千年。

2014年6月,古蜀道中的“荔枝道”与“米仓道”一起,被纳入蜀道申报世界文化和自然双遗产的范围,而这两条“道”的考古调查也成为了蜀道申遗工作的重要部分。

荔枝道,这条早已被时间所荒芜的古时“高速公路”,是否还能带领现代人穿越回当时那段千古绝唱,在这古道上怀一把唐明皇与杨贵妃之幽情?

好消息是,在今年3月8日之后的9天里,来自国家博物馆、北京大学、中国社会科学院考古研究所等的 17 位顶级专家学者,对达州境内向南方向的“两道”再次考古调查,此间所新发现的达州宣汉千佛岩造像有力地佐证了荔枝道的走向,进一步确认了达州为“两道”沿线的重要节点。

重要节点重要节点/

“荔枝道”和“米仓道”穿行达州

“荔枝道”是古蜀道中从南向北的千古名道。

《新唐书》有载:“妃嗜荔枝,必欲生致之,乃置驿传送,走数千里,味未变已至京师。”这就是唐玄宗为杨贵妃运送荔枝而专门开辟的驿道。

综合资料来看,目前专家们认为荔枝道起于涪陵,经宣汉、万源和汉中东部地区,再经过子午道,最终进入长安(今西安),全程2000余里。据《大唐久典》记载,唐朝的驿站制度主要沿袭汉朝,全国各地被称为官道的主要交通线路上,每间隔30里设一处驿站,把采摘下的荔枝带叶密封于竹筒中,土法保鲜,防止途中挤压和偷拆,然后装笼上马。二十里一换人,六十里一换马,紧鞭急蹄。“一天行500里应该没有问题,再加急,四五天应该能送到长安。”

而“米仓道”也是历史上由陕入蜀的一条著名古道,因木仓山而得名。起始约在汉代,甚至更早,唐宋时期盛世繁华,它是古代沟通川陕两地的一条重要官道。

“荔枝道”和“米仓道”就像蜀地腹部上左右两侧的“马甲线”,米仓道在左,荔枝道在右。2014年6月,“荔枝道”与“米仓道”被纳入蜀道申遗范围。而四川东北部的达州,毗邻渝陕两地,是荔枝道和米仓道沿线的重要节点。学界早已达成共识,分布在达州各个区县的摩崖造像是这两条“道”的重要佐证。而其中,千佛岩摩崖造像则成为今年“探道”的惊喜发现,可称为重中之重的佐证。

最新发现最新发现/

千佛岩造像有力佐证荔枝道走向

新近这一次顶级专家联合调查最大的发现便是千佛岩摩崖造像,位于达州市宣汉县柏家乡一处山顶之上。

在听说“或许山上还有一座佛像”之后,四川省文物考古研究院研究员李飞在当地租了辆摩托车,径直向山顶开去。拐过几个山弯,灰白岩壁上一群凹凸有致、整齐排列的宗教造像让他为之一惊。

6龛61身,造型丰富,整个千佛岩长6米,宽3米,伫立于松林山丘,凿于唐朝天宝元年。有的佛像位于后壁高台,桃形光头,螺旋发髻,坐于仰莲台上。有的立于主佛两侧,头挽高髻,身着长裙,外披薄纱,双手合十……

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