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民国的大学:清华曾是留美预备学校 后改为国立

2016-03-18 09:52:25   北京晚报

著名语言学家,清华大学教授王力先生更在大后方写过这样的回忆文字:“冬天的煤,夏天的冰,逛琉璃厂看中的书,菜、米,各色花儿,日日都有人送上门来。”

这一幅幅清华的校园图画,都是与当时北平一般宅门人家没什么两样,甚至在精神内涵上更加丰富多彩的美好画卷。

而在遥远的东南沿海,在30年代的福建协和大学,师生们的生活又如何呢?作家风帆的回忆也是令人瞠目结舌的:地位卓越的美国副校长一家住的是一座玲珑别致的绿色小洋房,教务长是中国人,但整套家具都是从外国进口的,大型钢琴、席梦思床以及大小沙发椅之类是从上海转运送上山来的。另一位中国教授一家,夫妻二人都是留学生,家中有两个小孩子,满口流利的英语,甚至他们一家平时都不讲中国话……

就连学生也过着一种趋于西化的“神仙”生活,无论他们先进的学制还是日常起居都丝毫不比今日的大学生逊色,这种优势很大程度取决于学生人数的严格限制:“大学设数、理、化、生物、中文等八个系。被它承认的学校的学生,只要经过中,英,数三学科考试和智力测验,来校后可以任意选择一个专业。”

协和大学的女生宿舍是一座中国宫殿式的屋子,正屋大门上装的是彩色而不透明的刻花玻璃,进门走道上是厚厚的地毯,直铺到左右两端。女生主任是一个没有结过婚的女子,她实际上是西方生活方式的标本,是女生学习的榜样。她现身说法,勉励她们,要她们将来到她曾经去过的那些国家留学,争取个硕士、博士之类的学衔。

教学楼底层的南北两排房间,都标上专用名称,如会议室,阅览室,自修室,图书室,钢琴室,乐器室,娱乐室等等,是供学生随意使用和娱乐的场所。西首的餐厅是一个大房间,用镂花隔扇和丝绒帘幕隔成三小间,白色窗纱,白色台布,每个窗台和餐桌边都陈列着彩色陶瓷花盆,种着鲜丽的花卉。南面有一架大钢琴,琴台上罩着抽花纱巾,上面的一只花瓶中插着一大捧鲜花。三餐吃饭前都要奏琴,唱赞美诗,然后祈祷。右边有一只大玻璃橱,放着各种玻璃杯和彩色陶瓷器皿,供学生任意取用。

学校食堂准时开饭,六个人一桌,每餐五菜一汤,如果菜不合胃口,可以在牌子上写下意见,也可以自由点菜或添菜。其实三荤二素一汤是常例,早餐还可以随意添煎蛋或皮蛋、肉松、油汆花生之类。

“东首是一间大会客厅。推门进去,只觉光辉灿烂,目不暇接:地下是深红色刺花地毯,窗上是双层窗帘,外层白色轻纱,内层红色丝绒,三面都是半落地玻璃长窗,窗台上摆设着不同形状的细瓷花盆,栽植着各种名花,墙壁上悬挂着西洋油画。天花板上垂悬着五盏琉璃花灯,射出五彩缤纷的光线。大厅中央放着一张长方形雕花红木桌,铺着精美的台布,上有古董摆设。此外,因势设置各种成套的沙发椅,有皮革的,有丝绒的,有织锦的,每张沙发椅上放着不同形状、不同质料的鸭绒靠枕。沙发椅前矮横几上的花瓶和花盘里,插着百态千姿的花卉,横几上还零星点缀着有趣的玩具。沙发椅边有各种立地灯,垂着各色的纱灯伞,沙发椅纵横陈设,使坐在这边谈话的人,望不见那边坐着的人,供女同学接待各自的客人,只要谈笑声量不太大,可以互不相扰。”

如此种种,真是神仙也住得了!即使在今天,这也是一种足以令人瞠目结舌的精英教育模式,何况在八十年前。

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