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广州西关大屋几乎绝迹 一大屋遭新业主大规模改建

2016-02-17 15:37:46   羊城晚报

文/图 羊城晚报记者 何伟杰

广州目前还称得上西关大屋的建筑几乎绝迹!上个月,羊城晚报对西关大屋现状的调查引起了社会广泛关注。日前,逢源大街8号的代理人张先生看到报道后联系上晚报记者,感慨这间西关大屋从辉煌到最终破败的点点滴滴。听听这段心酸往事,或许就会理解,为什么“西关大屋”离我们越来越远。

 大屋境遇

  尚有保留价值的只剩10间左右

根据2014年广州大学广州发展研究院发布的广州文化蓝皮书透露,西关大屋在鼎盛时期有800多间,由于连年大肆拆建,目前仅剩100多间,且大多破坏严重,尚有保留价值的只剩10间左右。而逢源大街8号、8号之一、8号东座,则是这为数不多的西关大屋当中更加为数不多保存相对完整的(1993年被纳入广州市文物保护单位)。但即便完整也只是外墙完整而已,只要从正间大门进去,你就会发现里面早已残破不堪,屋顶、内墙到处都是裂缝,整个厅堂内部只能用“千疮百孔”来形容(见上图)。

谁能想到,在百年前,这间西关大屋曾经作为十三行富商的大宅而兴盛一时?

 亲历者说

  逢源大街8号正间代理人张平生(现业主舅舅)自述:

  曾被玉雕厂借用几十年又遭新业主大规模改建

逢源大街8号始建于清末民初,业主叫冯知若,是著名商人冯辉山的长子。同治光绪年间,冯家在广州十三行物流行经营海运,东西都出口到东南亚,为了方便做生意,冯知若建了这座西关大屋。

这在当时算是一座豪宅,三开间布局,前厅、天井、房,后庭院,标准西关大屋。很多材料是由南洋、海外进口的,建筑木雕封檐板、灰塑拱券窗楣还有木雕屏风门,都相当珍贵。

这座西关大屋到了第二代就开始没落了,当时正值日本侵华,海外生意中断,加上第二代继承人好赌,生活开始变得穷困,冯家人不得已把左右两开间卖了,只留下中间自住,这也是为什么现在的逢源大街8号分为8号正间、8号之一、8号东座。

“文革”期间,这间西关大屋被广州市玉雕厂借用,一借就是几十年,建筑大师莫伯治自小与冯家交好,文革期间他来过一次,看到屋内很多装饰都破损了,他把那扇精致的木屏风买了保护下来,现在放在中山温泉。

1995年,这房子因年久失修开始漏水,住在里面的两名玉雕厂员工希望我们打官司把他们赶走,好让他们能得到政府妥善安置,几个来回我们才把房子拿回来。当时房子已经是局部危房,政府每年都来催一次(维修),我也曾经写信给文物部门,希望能给点维修资助,也没什么下文,只能自己搞掂。

当时我们也想请个施工队,对方报价8万,只是换换瓦片洗洗墙,没什么意思。我当时想,要搞就彻底搞,木结构改成水泥框架,一劳永逸。当时,冯家第四代继承人(也就是现在的业主)冯恩不同意,坚持要原状维修。冯恩当时已经移居加拿大,看到国外很多古建筑活化的例子,她觉得外国人可以为了活化一截残墙重新设计一个新的建筑,更何况一座相对完整的西关大屋,再说了作为祖屋她更希望能修旧如旧。

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