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西游记中唐僧师徒去了哪些国家?包括阿富汗等国

2016-02-14 08:17:46   新京报

而这个“国家”在今天则是新疆的焉耆县,是新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州下辖的自治县。

3

  车迟国(今我国新疆境内)

在《西游记》第四十五回中,唐僧师徒经过车迟国。车迟国有三位国师,分别是虎力、鹿力、羊力大仙。国师刁难唐僧师徒,不给他们换官文。孙悟空与他们比赛斗法,三位国师都死于非命,现身才知是虎、鹿和羊。

车迟国在玄奘的《大唐西域记》里面也有记载。但在《大唐西域记》中,玄奘称车迟国为“车师”,车师的都城是交河城。而我们熟悉的古诗《古从军行》,描述的就是交河城。

“白日登山望烽火,黄昏饮马傍交河。行人刁斗风沙暗,公主琵琶幽怨多。”

车师是丝绸之路上的重要商站,东南通往敦煌,向南通往楼兰、鄯善,向西通往焉耆,西北通往乌孙,东北通往匈奴。早在公元450年,匈奴困车师国达八年之久,车师王弃城而走,从此,交河被并入了高昌,车师的名字从历史上消失了。直到今天,交河古城的遗址依然存在,位于新疆维吾尔自治区吐鲁番县城西10公里的雅尔乃孜沟村。

《西游记》剧照。玉兔精扮成天竺公主迷惑唐僧。

 4

  西梁女国(未知)

西梁女国出现在第五十四回,即大名鼎鼎的女儿国。这个王国没有男人,繁衍后代都是靠喝子母河的水而受孕。女儿国的国王看上了唐僧,然而唐僧不为所动,执意西行,却被女妖掳走。孙悟空火烧琵琶洞,救出了唐僧。

在《西游记》中,唐僧师徒走在女儿国的路上简直寸步难行。“那里人都是长裙短袄,粉面油头,不分老少,尽是妇女,正在两街上做买做卖。忽见他四众来时,一齐都鼓掌呵呵,整容欢笑道:‘人种来了,人种来了!’慌得那三藏勒马难行,须臾间就塞满街道,惟闻笑语。”

复旦大学历史学家钱文忠曾对媒体介绍说,玄奘在《大唐西域记》中有一段关于一个“东女国”的记载,并介绍这个国家以女性为王,虽然她的丈夫也是王,但男性王不问政事。钱文忠认为,这很有可能就是《西游记》里女儿国的原型。

 5

  祭赛国(今吉尔吉斯斯坦境内)

在祭赛国,乱石山碧波潭万圣龙王的驸马九头虫偷走了祭赛国的国宝,导致祭赛国国无宁日。孙悟空在二郎真君的帮助下除掉了九头虫,找回了国宝。

书中,祭赛国“龙蟠形势,虎踞金城。四垂华盖近,百转紫墟平。玉石桥栏排巧兽,黄金台座列贤明。真个是神洲都会,天府瑶京。万里邦畿固,千年帝业隆。蛮夷拱服君恩远,海岳朝元圣会盈。御阶洁净,辇路清宁。酒肆歌声闹,花楼喜气生。未央宫外长春树,应许朝阳彩凤鸣。”

祭赛国是今天的哪里?可以猜测的是,从这时起,唐僧师徒已经步入广大的中亚地区。而乱石山碧波潭,作为小说中两度出现的湖,还给大家贡献了两个有喜感的小妖,鱼精奔波儿灞和灞波儿奔。然而,在中亚地区,湖是相对罕见的,玄奘在《大唐西域记》里提到了一个名为“大清池”的湖,被认为是乱石山碧波潭的原型。

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