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盐亭县过年习俗热闹 乡绅过年请穷人聚餐(图)

2016-02-01 10:40:33   华西都市报

盐亭虽被蒙文通先生称为“蕞尔小邑”,却文风绵延,春节期间大户人家的过年习俗尤其热闹,其中生于盐亭县木龙湾的王举人家便是一例。

别看木龙湾只是个乡镇,但这里王明金举人的名气大得很,他是个乐善好施的乡贤,是一位开明绅士,做过四川咨询局议员。他喜欢扶贫济困,经常在春节时邀请穷人来他家过年,大家热闹一场,图个吉祥。

 “百岁楼”前,祈愿来年丰收

王明金,字用揖,生于晚清的1863年,系清光緒十九年(1893)年癸卯科的文举人。王家的文脉一直延续得好,其爷爷在当地是富绅,其父亲王文圃乐善好施、擅长书画而广受乡人尊敬。到了王明金这一代,有祖荫罩着,且广施善行,已经名闻乡里,通达县城了。

盐亭县文史资料上说,王明金瘦高个儿,文质彬彬,他平时头戴水晶石平顶瓜皮帽,鼻上架一副金丝眼镜,着长衫,外套青绸马褂,脚穿圆口夫子鞋;手拄拐杖,气质儒雅,常于木龙湾、龙台寺一带乡村散步,乡人见之而谦恭避让。

民国十五年(1926年)春节,木龙湾笼罩在一片喜气洋洋的气氛里,王明金家族更是要热热闹闹过个大年。

这一年春节前,王明金早早就安排他的长工在各道门枋、门楣、门柱和走廊上贴好了春联,春联如“德门应有德星聚,甲第还从甲第开”之类,既琅琅上口,又文风张扬,符合节日喜庆特点。灯笼也一律在梁下与屋檐角挂好,笼里点亮油灯,通红通红的,为山乡带来吉祥的祈福。

王明金还踱步到“百岁楼”的拐角处,那里是宽广的粮仓,高高的粮囤盘旋而上,盛满从丘陵收获的粮食。王明金将手书的“五谷丰登”“连年有余”的红纸黑字条,亲自巴紧在竹编的囤子上,祈愿来年的丰收。

 给儿女发放“风雅颂”红包

随后,王明金领着家眷、儿女们庄重地走向“文昌帝君像”前面,一一念祷家训,向文曲星叩首,保佑子嗣兴旺,文运常在。王明金心中存念着祖先,他在大年三十这个晚上(我们统称的除夕夜),依次领着王家一大房人到“天地君亲师”牌位前三拜九叩首,感激祖辈的大德让王氏家族的繁荣,子孙的发达,并祷告先人继续荫蔽后来者,让王氏的门风在木龙湾发扬光大,生生不息。

除夕夜的年饭至为丰盛,满满一大桌,上面摆着腌制品、腊味与炖肉、烧菜与炒菜,五颜六色,芳香扑鼻,冷热兼备,荤素拼盘。王明金照例说上一番以孔子论语中“学而时习之”一类勉励的话教育家人,从孔子的大智慧一直讲到生于盐亭的勤于农桑的嫘祖,他讲话缓慢,笑眯眯的,很容易让人在春风化雨中获得滋养。

王明金的夫人是大家闺秀,在旁默不作声,她偶尔提醒夫君动筷拈菜,或是举杯呷上几口低度的白酒。王明金与这位姓白的夫人育有一女一儿,还有一女尚在白夫人腹中,此刻她们尚小,正在温馨的家庭氛围里享受父母之抚爱。

火盆在熊熊燃烧,驱散着乡村弥漫的寒意,也为一楼兀起的王明金四合大院带来了温暖。末了,王明金从马褂衣襟里掏出三个自制的红包,皮面分别写上“风、雅、颂”字样,里面装着压岁钱,是晶亮的“袁大头”,他亲手递给儿女们,内藏殷切的祝福与深情的父母期望。

王明金一时高兴,还叫长工提上灯笼进入书房,立于书案旁,用工整字体在宣纸上写下“椒桂花芳香遥见仙人彩云里,江山留胜迹多少楼台烟雨中。”他对一路陪伴而来的夫人讲,文脉相传,家门出彩。

 请穷人来家聚餐互道吉祥

正月里,王明金还经常请来乡里吃不起饭的穷人来他家吃饭喝酒,大家热热闹闹,互道吉祥,完全没有“阶级”之分。

平时,家财富有的王明金也一直同情百姓,他在乡坝头专辟一处院子命名为“义田会”,专门将每年收来的田租,扶贫济困,帮助灾民度过饥饿的荒年。

每年过春节,乡里人还喜欢借着王明金举人心情大好去他的“百岁楼”游玩。在方圆几百里地号称一绝,庄园大门上,悬刻“石泉吟馆”四个大字,端庄厚重,两旁石柱上各置一联,分别贴上楹联“绿竹入幽静,白云无尽时”,为阳刻隶书。从月台正中进入,可见一座建于明末清初带古典宝塔形的中式建筑,这便是赫赫有名的“百岁楼”了。楼的正面悬挂黑漆鎏金的巨幅横匾,上书“奉旨大夫祠”,系清代知事带人敲锣鸣鼓下乡赠予的。“百岁楼”面积阔大,分为三层,一楼可安放100多张黑漆八仙桌,招待八方宾客婚嫁生日喜宴而用,二三楼次第而上,梁柱均匀,用料讲究,雕梁画栋,颇为气派。

王明金在大堂中间供奉文昌帝君像,门上匾额为“文魁”;在一旁的屋内,闪金的神龛上敬奉“天地君亲师”牌位,两旁墙壁彩绘“魁星点北斗”和“钟馗斩妖魔”的神话。而在此座洋气又实在的“万岁楼”上,还辟出一处万卷藏书楼,有曹雪芹的、有纪昀的,一排排存放着发黄的经史子集和多种善本与珍本,直连屋顶,洋洋洒洒。

乡贤王明金是一位开明绅士。他先后担任潼川府中学堂校长、四川 咨 询 局 议员。清宣统三年(1911),他在任咨询局议员期间,在成都参加了保路同志会,并与蒲殿俊、罗伦、张 澜 等 人 一道,对清朝廷将川汉铁路收归“国有”和出卖“筑路权”的“谕令”进行声讨,并因此被公推为盐亭保路协会会长。

  岳定海

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