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科学家研究证实:听莫扎特钢琴曲能使人更聪明

2016-02-01 09:02:48   重庆晚报

中国科学家最新研究证实

莫扎特钢琴曲 真能使人更聪明

听莫扎特钢琴曲能使人变得更聪明么?在音乐神童莫扎特诞辰260年之际,中国科学家的一项研究证实了争论至今的莫扎特效应。近日,我国科学家发现:乐曲的节奏可能是大鼠和人出现莫扎特效应的关键;反向莫扎特音乐显示了负向作用。这项研究论文《莫扎特、莫扎特的节奏和反向莫扎特效应:来自行为学与神经生物学的证据》,发表在英国自然出版集团出版的《科学报告》上。

节奏是起作用关键因素

电子科技大学生命科学与技术学院教授尧德中及其研究团队在实验中,把100余只大鼠分成不同组做了系列实验,包括让大鼠聆听莫扎特K.448号乐曲,反向莫扎特(通过把莫扎特K.448号的音符以相反序列排列所得);以及播放巴赫的乐曲,反巴赫乐曲,以此作为对照,保证被聆听的音乐的物理元素是相同的。研究人员检测了大鼠听音乐后不同时间点和学习记忆相关的神经因子的水平变化,以及音乐对大脑新生神经元的影响,这些实验结果均支持莫扎特效应的存在。

在实验中,研究人员通过改变莫扎特音乐的节奏或音高成分,发现保留莫扎特节奏成分的音乐可产生与莫扎特音乐类似的效果,仅保留音高成分的音乐没有明显效果。这说明,节奏成分可能是莫扎特效应的关键因素。

反向莫扎特有负面效应

在对人的检测中,课题组成员挑选了60名大学生,他们被分成三组。在相同环境下,分别听莫扎特音乐、反向莫扎特音乐,还有一组学生什么也不听。在相继一周的时间里,三组学生每天听半个小时相应乐曲,并进行一系列包括用笔在纸上走迷宫,以及折纸和裁纸等测试。结果发现,听莫扎特音乐一组的学生表现更好,听反向莫扎特音乐的学生表现最差。

研究团队成员夏阳教授告诉记者,他们发现,聆听莫扎特对大脑有好处,可以观察到新生神经元的增加;聆听反向莫扎特对人和大鼠均有负效应,会使得新生神经元减少、行为认知能力减退。 据新华社

莫扎特效应 曾风靡全球

莫扎特效应源于1993年美国科学家弗朗西斯·劳舍尔在《自然》杂志上发表的论文里提到的实验结论:听莫扎特K.448号乐曲能够改善人类的空间推理和记忆。在实验中,播放的莫扎特K.448号乐曲即《D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲》。

弗朗西斯·劳舍尔的结论使莫扎特效应风靡全球,商家纷纷推出各种号称有治愈作用、提高智力的《D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲》音乐碟,受到消费者追捧。然而,莫扎特效应是否存在、具有可靠性,一直被科学家们争论至今。

《D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲》

莫扎特(1756-1791)一生创作的作品数量惊人,其中为双钢琴谱写的四部作品,却以演奏形式和艺术形象的鲜明性呈现出独特的性格,使人倍感余音绕梁,回味无穷。1781年11月23日,莫扎特于维也纳创作了《D大调双钢琴奏鸣曲》K.448。在创作这首奏鸣曲的前几年经历了他人生的巨大变故与悲痛,饱尝了人间世态炎凉的滋味。然而,在欣赏这部作品时,体会不到一点阴暗和痛苦的声音,只是欣赏到了深沉优美和阳光般温暖的旋律。莫扎特的音乐语言简练、朴素,追究均衡的美感,曲式结构的对称,在莫扎特独特的钢琴语言和表现手法中得到了淋漓尽致的体现。

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