文化 > 文史
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China

“大唐西域记”最早写本:玄奘和高昌王关系密切

2016-01-26 08:32:17   光明日报

大唐西域记》写本残卷 (吐鲁番学研究院提供)

“近期,我们在组织力量对吐峪沟出土的众多文物文书进行整理时,发现了它。”吐鲁番地区文物局局长王霄飞所看重的,就是最早的《大唐西域记》写本残卷。

写本是指成书时手写形式流传的古籍,以此区别于刻本。这件残卷写本1981年出土于吐峪沟石窟,是目前学术界所知数十种《大唐西域记》中年代最早的写本。著名学者、吐鲁番地区文物局原局长柳洪亮在1997年出版的《新出吐鲁番地区文书及其研究》中,对此进行了首次披露。然而,这一事件没有引起广泛关注。近期的研究,为人们理解《大唐西域记》提供了注解。

《大唐西域记》的出现

《大唐西域记》又称《西域记》,共有12卷,是由唐代僧人玄奘口述,弟子辩机撰文,系奉唐太宗敕命而著,贞观二十年(646年)成书。书中记述了玄奘贞观元年(一说是贞观三年)到贞观十九年西行之见闻。记述了玄奘亲历28个城邦、地区、国家的概况,有疆域、气候、山川、风土、人情、语言、宗教、佛寺以及大量的历史传说、神话故事等,是研究中古时期中亚、南亚诸国的历史、地理、宗教、文化和中西交通的珍贵资料,也是研究佛教史学、佛教遗迹的重要文献。

这件《大唐西域记》残卷写本出土时,高16.5厘米,长19.5厘米,整卷残缺近三分之一,正面裱糊有其他文书。残存10行文字,字体娟秀,年代为贞观二十一年至永徽二年期间写本。残卷文字属《大唐西域记》卷七《战主国》条下。

目前所知的《大唐西域记》的古写本多达数十种,从19世纪下半叶以来又被翻译成法、英、日等多种外文译本。在此写本发现之前,年代较早的古本为敦煌写本,存卷一、卷二、卷三,都是残卷,书法非出一人之手,不是同一写本。其中卷一、卷三藏大英博物馆,卷二藏巴黎国家图书馆。

敦煌本的年代为公元八九世纪期间,即成书以后100多年的写本,是此写本发现之前《大唐西域记》最古的本子。日本所藏古写本和高丽藏本,都远比敦煌本晚。

而吐峪沟石窟寺出土的写本字体娟秀,书法胜于敦煌三种写本。

《大唐西域记》刻本年代最早的有北宋崇宁二年福州等觉禅院刊刻的本子,仅存卷四,现藏于北京大学图书馆。此外还有日本东寺观智院所藏北宋刻本。目前所见到的各种本子,内容都是相同的,文字间有差异是由于当时古书传抄出现错讹的一般规律所致。

《大唐西域记》怎么来到了吐鲁番

武汉大学教授陈国灿研究认为,《大唐西域记》最早写本在新疆吐鲁番地区吐峪沟石窟寺发现,与玄奘和高昌王室麴氏家族的关系有关。

据《大唐大慈恩寺三藏法师传卷第一》记载:唐贞观元年,唐朝高僧玄奘为求取“普度众生”的大乘佛教真经,只身一人历尽艰辛,跋涉万里,从长安前往佛教发源地。当吐鲁番最高统治者高昌国王麴文泰听说玄奘即将到达伊吾(今哈密)时,立即派人前往迎接。

玄奘本意向北取道可汗浮屠(今吉木萨尔县的北庭故城),无奈高昌国王的盛情难辞,于是折向南行。当年玄奘到达高昌城后,受到高昌国王麴文泰的热情款待。麴文泰将玄奘奉为上宾,安置在“重阁宝帐”中,对他充满敬仰之情。

作为信仰佛教的国王麴文泰,通过各种各样的方式挽留玄奘。玄奘明确表达了自己不会改变西行求法意志的态度,并决定采用绝食的方法以示心明。最终玄奘与麴文泰一起到佛祖面前去礼佛,结拜成为兄弟,再次确认“任师求法”。

麴文泰提出:唯一的愿望,就是你取经回来之后,请务必再取道高昌,到时候在高昌停留3年,接受我的供养。玄奘不仅允诺,而且在麴文泰为他准备行装的这一个月期间,接受他的邀请,在高昌讲解佛教典籍《仁王般若经》。

玄奘每次开讲之前,麴文泰都亲自手执香炉,在前导引。玄奘讲经需要升座,所谓“升座”就是要到一个高座上去跏趺(盘腿坐着)。麴文泰就会跪下,让玄奘踩着他上座。

麴文泰不仅专门为玄奘剃度了四个沙弥来伺候和照顾他。还为玄奘准备了大量的物品,并派出一个名叫欢信的殿中侍御史,护送玄奘到叶护可汗衙。准备了二十四封书信,给玄奘西行路途中要经过的二十四个国家的国王,请求各国国王给予玄奘西行求法提供必要的协助,使玄奘顺利地通过了西域各国。

玄奘离开高昌时,两人抱头痛哭,“伤离之声振动郊邑”,异常感人。

据史籍记载和专家考证,玄奘在印度取经归来到达于阗时,本意向北赴高昌国,履行他对高昌王麴文泰的承诺。然而听闻高昌国已灭,麴文泰去世后,带着忧伤向东返回长安,书写了他的取经历程,即《大唐西域记》。

陈国灿教授认为,玄奘完成《大唐西域记》期间,麴文泰的后代麴智谌正被安置在洛阳居住,并即将上任西域最高统治者。玄奘向他赠送写本,既了却了麴文泰的心愿,又尽到了弘扬佛法的职责,这就有了最早写本藏于吐峪沟石窟寺的现实可能。

(本报记者 王瑟)

责任编辑:刘畅 CC002
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
分享到:
0 0
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China

相关阅读

404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China
404 Not Found

404 Not Found

Sorry for the inconvenience.
Please report this message and include the following information to us.
Thank you very much!

URL: http://3g.china.com:8080/act/culture/11170621/20160126/21293035.html
Server: cms-9-158
Date: 2026/03/19 05:07:40

Powered by China
China