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《狼王梦》销量受捧 沈石溪:人类不该俯视动物

2016-01-23 10:18:55   京华时报

北京开卷信息公司近期公布的数据显示,作家沈石溪的《狼王梦》2009年出版至今销量突破400万册,他的动物题材小说在该领域的市场占有率达到77.6%,也带热了国内的动物小说市场。昨天,沈石溪接受京华时报记者专访时表示,走上动物小说写作这条路源自在云南西双版纳插队的生活,他觉得人应该敬畏大自然,不应俯视动物,也看好一些年轻作家进入这一创作领域。

  创作之路 源自在西双版纳的插队经历

沈石溪原名沈一鸣,出生于上海。1969年,他赴云南西双版纳傣族村寨插队,与中国西南边境的动物王国结下不解之缘。他回忆:“那时西双版纳交通闭塞,去的人少。热带雨林很多,村寨里常有动物,大象群、猴子、蟒蛇等。那个时候不禁止打猎,老百姓都有猎枪,我也跟他们上山打猎。”

1975年,沈石溪应征入伍,担任新闻干事,业余时间进行小说创作。早在1978年,他就创作了第一部动物小说《象群迁移的时候》,这部小说带有军旅色彩,“当时写的放炮开山,象群要跑到境外去,哨所接到阻止大象跑到境外去的命令,之后请来了专门喂养大象的老象奴,把象群挡住了。”这部一万多字的小说,一年后发表在《儿童文学》上。

1984年他赴解放军艺术学院文学系学习,与莫言等人是同学。班里的30多个人有不少是军队子弟,血液里的军人传统浓厚,与他们相比,沈石溪觉得写军旅小说不如他们,更坚定了写动物题材小说。差不多同年,他的第一部动物小说集《第七条猎狗》出版了。90年代是他创作的黄金年代,写了《狼王梦》《猎狐》等作品。

  动物小说 万物有灵人 和动物是平等的

《狼王梦》讲述了母狼紫岚一直希望把自己的后代培养成狼王。但在残酷的现实面前,她一次次失败,四只小公狼也相继死去,最后只剩下小母狼媚媚。它只能把希望寄托在狼孙身上,为了狼孙的安全,它与金雕同归于尽。

外界对于《狼王梦》有不少解读,比如写了望子成龙,也映射了社会的利欲熏心、生活灰暗等。沈石溪说:“我自己认为,这里面存在生存竞争的关系。狼群在生活中扮演的角色跟人类社会有很多相似的地方,我把这些行为描写出来,也是对人类社会的一种警示。”

儿童文学作家曹文轩很推崇沈石溪的动物小说,他觉得这些故事写的是“人间的主题”。沈石溪本人尊重这种看法,不过,他创作时想的是另一层面的东西,“现在城市人的生活把动物看成是低等的生命,觉得鸡鸭鱼肉都无足轻重。我在西双版纳时,当地村民们对动物的理解不一样,他们觉得万物有灵。虽然平常也打猎,也屠杀动物,但是也崇拜动物,相信因果报应。”

在云南的生活经历,让沈石溪对动物有着自己的理念。“现在环保问题越来越严峻,现代人的观念反而与原始地区的人形成一致,就是人与自然的和谐。所以,人不能俯视动物,我是站在动物和人平等自由的角度去写的。”

  作者生活

  奇幻动物小说写起来更自由

2004年,沈石溪回到了上海,每隔一两年都会回云南看看,也很怀念在云南的时光。“我那时养狗、鸽子,还有蟒蛇,最多的时候养了七条狗。现在因为家里有小孩儿,他们怕狗身上有寄生虫就没养,等孩子长大点,我还会养点小动物。”他平常也喜欢看点动物题材的电视剧、电影,问到对电影《狼图腾》什么观感,沈石溪说:“那个主要是写人类社会,狼是其中的一条线,跟我写的不太一样。”

2015年,沈石溪推出了《你一定没听过的神秘动物故事》系列,这两年也一直在尝试奇幻动物小说写作,也把这当成自己创作上的尝试和新挑战。“写动物小说多了,很多语言、风格就会重复,我不想重复。奇幻动物小说有一点跟过去很不一样,里面的动物开口说话了,这样表现的空间就更广阔一些。”2016年,他预计会出版一本写“狐狸”的奇幻动物小说。

提到浙少版《狼王梦》六年销量突破400万的数据,他觉得这与老师们的推荐分不开。“出版社和新华书店也常邀请我到一些中小学讲座,从交流看,很多老师比较喜欢我的作品,一个是故事性比较强,还有一定的思想深度,知识性比较宽,提倡人与自然的关系,适合孩子阅读。”

近期有关IP的话题大热,也有一些影视公司找到沈石溪,想拍他的动物小说。对此,他比较谨慎,“有家苏州的影视公司想拍我的《疯羊血顶儿》,我本人是不会参与的,这个隔行如隔山,弄起来也比较麻烦。”他也看到很多年轻作家开始从事动物小说创作,“像黑鹤,他有蒙古族血统的,写起来应该比我有优势。”

  京华时报记者 田超

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