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男人也能穿越成“太子妃”?“跨性别者”现实中真有

2016-01-13 15:15:26   江南时报

近日网红古装剧《太子妃升职记》持续被网民追捧,直接秒杀了两亿大手笔《芈月传》。花花公子张鹏为躲避前女友们的围堵,意外落水,醒来后,发现自己不仅穿越了千年,还变性成为了当朝的太子妃——张芃芃。很多观众也想知道现实生活中有没有这样的“穿越在女人身体里的男人”。

记者就此采访了江苏省人民医院临床心理科主治医师王昊飞,他表示, “穿越在女人身体里的男人”群体,在医学上有很多概念,“跨性别”,“易性癖”,“异装癖”,都和这一群体有关,下面就来具体说说关于“他(她)们的那些事儿”。交汇点记者 刘丹平 通讯员 何雨田

 太子妃有个男声OS属于啥?

王昊飞医生告诉记者,其实以上几者的区别,在医学圈也有很多的争议。在说区别之前,先来说说另外2个概念:即“生理性别”和“心理性别”。王昊飞说,出生时人们就有性别区分,根据生殖器官和性征,就被赋予了生理的性别——男和女,当然有时候染色体会发生差错,诞生出两性人,这个属于遗传学问题,所以其实有第三性(这不在今天讨论的范围内)。

心理性别是指人们对自己是“男人”还是“女人”的一种主观感觉,也叫“性别认同”。在大多数情况下,生理上是男性的人,性别认同也是男性;生理上是女性的人,性别认同是女性。而有的人对于性别认同是反向的,或者是模糊的,甚至介于男女之间,穿越到古代成为太子妃的“张芃芃”仍自觉是“张鹏”,时不时用男声OS(注:内心独白),肆无忌惮地发挥“撩妹技能”,就是一个例子。王昊飞介绍,当生理性别和性别认同不相符时,就是医学界所说的“跨性别”。跨性别群体中的一部分希望完成变性手术,称为“易性癖”。

不同的是,虽说“异装癖”穿着异性服装也是为了满足自己的内心需求,但异装癖者并不认为自己是异性,不能归到跨性别这个类别里。

太子妃爱穿男装是什么问题?

在剧集中,张芃芃逛青楼前给自己换了一身男装,并说“这才是该有的样子”,是什么导致这个心理的呢?王昊飞说,太子妃的情况可被归为“跨性别者”,是认为自己心理性别和生殖性别不一样,导致了异性装扮;而异装癖的变装则不是针对自生理性别的不认同,而是纯粹迷恋该等服饰之功能以达求满足性欲幻想需求之目的。所以这两类人群都可能有异性装扮,不过在现实生活中有时很难分辨。

  不因为“穿越”,那“跨性别”究竟因为啥?

跨性别产生的原因?当然不是因为“穿越”!王医生解释,医学上并不十分清楚导致跨性别的原因,目前国外有科学研究已发现部分易性癖者的易性癖倾向与大脑组织结构异常有关,还有另一个说法,胎儿在母体妊期内激素分泌异常,这也就支持先天论,后天论认为与其幼年时期的成长经历有关,个性发展,家庭结构有关,但是有人认为易性癖者与父母幼年把孩子按照异性打扮,导致性别认知扭曲的说法其实是不全面的。

 从“寻死”到“享乐”:跨性别者真的这么HAPPY吗?

剧中前几集,发现化为女儿身的太子妃一心寻死,无奈之际求助于安太医也仅仅是为了一瓶鹤顶红,但没多久,太子妃就渐渐接受了这个现实并在宫中四处“寻欢作乐”起来,与嫔妃的相处也是相当和谐。

那么,现实中的跨性别者生活得真的这么EASY吗?王昊飞称,事实上跨性别者中有一部分人,存在强烈的性别焦虑,也就是对生理性别与心理性别不认同并产生冲突时,所导致的情绪焦虑,反而人际关系紊乱。

寻求心理医生帮助时,心理医生可能会根据个体的不同情形,采用个体,团体或家庭治疗等方式来干预,但并不能一定是针对改变来访者的性别认同问题。“世上并没有什么魔法,可以瞬间改变任何人对自己性别的感知。”王昊飞说。

  心理医生可以做什么?

  王昊飞介绍,在接诊中,心理医生与患者会建立良好的医患关系,在一个容纳性的环境的背景中,仿佛像来访者一样去体验他/她的感受,他/她的经历,不偏移地给予患者理解、关心和支持,帮助患者认知自己的真正“身份”,改变认知,悦纳自我,消除自卑感,帮助患者渡过情绪和人际上的危机。关于治疗目标方面也是心理医生和来访者共同商定的结果,是关于自我的接纳,还是人际的协调,还是战胜抑郁的情绪,还是克服面对歧视的愤怒,还是对于家庭的接纳,具体的方法其实特别的个体化,对于精神分析学派的心理治疗师来说可能会关注于早年的经历、创伤和现在的人际关系,以及咨访双方关系的考量和感受;对于认知行为学派的治疗师来说可能更关注那些需要矫正不合理的歪曲的认知形式;对于家庭治疗可能就会将焦点放在家庭成员的互动关系中,所以不同的治疗师的侧重有所不同,来访者可以根据需要采纳。王医生提醒广大患者,看心理医生请选择正规医院和机构的受过专业训练的心理医生,以免二次创伤。

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