泥土覆盖下的东汉陶楼绘的什么色

2019-02-15 10:25:41    科技日报

“陶质彩绘文物因保存环境、制作工艺、材质、材料等原因,彩绘层较难保存,像这两件陶楼彩绘层保存完整的较为少见。”孙杰说,但即便保存下来的陶制彩绘文物,也往往会出现颜料卷曲、起翘、褪色、变色、胶质流失、变形等病害,因此彩绘加固是陶制彩绘文物保护的国际性难题。

自去年4月出土这两座陶楼后,文物保护工作人员立即开展相关的分析检测工作。前期调查研究可见,文物表面彩绘层被泥土覆盖,彩绘图案被遮盖,导致图案隐晦不清。同时,彩绘层也开始出现不同程度的起翘、剥落,其中的起翘部位仅轻轻碰触就会脱落,导致彩绘颜料被连带剥落,造成彩绘画面损伤。因此,需要立即对这两件文物进行保护性清理修复。

多重手段探寻隐藏图案轮廓

“从陶楼局部起翘图层可知,在表面泥土覆盖下有较为鲜艳的颜料层,常规的资料信息提取技术,可见光摄影和红外摄影,都无法感知图层信息。”孙杰说,彩绘层表面被一层泥土覆盖,在开展保护修复之前,有必要对脆弱极易剥落的彩绘图案进行信息提取,为后期的保护修复提供原始清晰的资料,为此文保人员采用多种非接触摄影技术,开展彩绘层图案无损分析研究。

“传统的可见光摄影只能反映肉眼可见信息,对覆盖下层的图案无法获得直观清晰的认知;而红外摄影技术由于光波段单一,不能解决色彩的问题。”她说,为此文物保护研究人员尝试了近年来引入彩绘文物分析研究的高光谱成像技术,通过与彩绘陶楼保持一定距离进行非接触式扫描成像,既可以通过光谱分析技术获得颜料在不同波段下的光谱曲线,又可以获得颜料在不同波段光谱的数字影像。

孙杰说:“我们可以通过高光谱成像技术,知道这个颜料是什么,同时知道它长什么样子(颜料在彩绘图案中的分布轮廓),通过高光谱成像技术,结合前期颜料成分分析结论,分析被泥土覆盖的彩绘图案取得了较好的效果。”

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