山西发现一处商代晚期大型高等级贵族墓地

2019-01-03 10:53:15    新华网

新华社太原1月2日电(记者王学涛)近日,山西省考古研究所考古工作者对外宣称,运城市闻喜县酒务头村发现一处商代晚期大型高等级贵族墓地,对研究商代晚期殷墟文化的分布范围、政治地理具有重要意义。

酒务头墓地位于山西省运城市闻喜县河底镇酒务头村西北200米处。因盗墓严重,从2017年8月开始,山西省考古研究所牵头联合运城市和闻喜县的文物部门,对墓地进行了抢救性发掘。

据了解,考古工作者共发现商代晚期墓葬12座、车马坑6座、灰坑5个。5座大墓均为带墓道的“甲”字形墓,形制相同,大小不等,墓室平面均为长方形,东西长4.2米至10.6米,南北宽2.8米至6米,深4.5米至6米,墓道有斜坡、台阶两种。5座大墓中4座被盗。

那座没有被盗的大墓墓道台阶不规整,共12级,葬具为木质,一棺一椁,均已朽化坍塌。人骨朽化严重,基本无法辨识。椁室底部正中偏南有一处腰坑,形状呈圆角长方形,在腰坑内发现大量朱砂和少量动物骨骼。

该墓葬出土器物共133件,主要有铜器、陶器、骨器、玉器。铜器有礼器、兵器、乐器、车马器及工具等,其中,部分青铜器上还有族徽、铭文。其他出土器物有陶罐、骨管饰、玉鱼饰、玉蚕饰等。

而7座中小型竖穴土坑墓,均为长方形,其中规模较大的4座遭受严重盗掘,规模较小的3座未被盗扰,残存器物有少量铜器、玉器、蚌饰,铜器主要有铜戈、铜铃、铜镞等,玉器有玉兽饰、玉璧。

此外,本次发掘还清理了一座车马坑,坑内埋一车二马一人。人呈仰身直肢,男性,身高约1.7米。车不完整,没有车厢、车辕、车轮,两马俯卧于车的两侧,四腿分别呈跪状。

山西省考古研究所工作人员白曙璋介绍说,闻喜酒务头墓地是一处新发现的商代晚期大型高等级贵族墓地,是运城地区首次发现的商代晚期贵族墓地,对研究运城地区在商代晚期的政治地位有重要的研究价值。

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