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国家癌症中心:中国恶性肿瘤5年生存率提升到40.5%

2018-06-09 11:08:06   北青网 

(原标题:国家癌症中心:我国恶性肿瘤5年生存率已提升到40.5%)

国家癌症中心:中国恶性肿瘤5年生存率提升到40.5%

随着我国医疗质量和诊疗能力的提升,某些肿瘤的五年生存率已高于美国等发达国家,不过我国儿童恶性肿瘤的整体五年生存率为72%左右,略低于美国的78%。

国家卫健委6月8日举行新闻发布会,中国科学院院士、国家肿瘤专业质控中心主任、国家癌症中心主任赫捷介绍了上述数据。赫捷表示,2014年,我国肿瘤新发病例约380.4万,约占全球癌病发病的22%,发病率略低于世界平均水平,死亡约229.6万,占全球死亡的27%,高于世界平均水平。赫捷称,国家癌症中心已建成肿瘤登记监测点574个,覆盖人口4.3亿,约占全国人口的31.5%,定期发布中国肿瘤登记年报。

根据国家癌症中心此前发布的详细数据,按发病例数排位,肺癌位居全国发病首位,每年发病约78.1万,其后依次为胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和乳腺癌。肺癌和乳腺癌分别位居男女性发病的第1位。

各地区肿瘤年龄别发病率、死亡率趋势相似。肺、结直肠、胃、肝癌在东、中、西部地区均较常见,东、西部地区女性乳腺癌较常见,中部地区食管癌较常见。东、中、西部地区主要肿瘤死因均为肺癌、肝癌、胃癌、结直肠癌和食管癌。年龄方面,各地区0-30岁组恶性肿瘤发病率均较低,30岁以上人群发病率快速增高,80岁组时达到高峰,之后有所下降。

根据国家癌症中心的数据,随着我国医疗质量和诊疗能力的提升,恶性肿瘤5年生存率已从10年前的30.9%提升到40.5%,其中上升较为显著的有:子宫体癌,由55.1%上升至72.8%;甲状腺癌,由67.5%上升至84.3%;宫颈癌,由45.4%上升至59.8%;骨肿瘤,由17.1%上升至26.5%;食管癌,由20.9%上升至30.3%。

赫捷表示,我国某些肿瘤的五年生存率已高于美国等发达国家,如食管癌,美国同期仅为20%,按发病人数计算,白血病、中枢神经系统肿瘤、淋巴瘤占到所有儿童肿瘤的66.2%,我国儿童恶性肿瘤的整体五年生存率为72%左右,略低于美国的78%。其中白血病70.5%、中枢神经肿瘤69.9%,接近美国74%和72%的水平。“虽然我国的肿瘤五年生存率已经有了较大的提高,但整体与发达国家相比仍有提升空间”,赫捷称。

对于我国基层医疗机构如何提高肿瘤诊疗能力的问题,赫捷表示,我国地域辽阔,经济发展也不均衡,因此我国的肿瘤诊治水平也不完全一样,特别是各医疗机构的诊治水平参差不齐,比如基层单位和西部地区,它的水平可能和发达地区就有一定的差距。

赫捷建议,首先要强化国家肿瘤质控中心的职能,包括对医疗机构监督指导。其次要通过各种医疗联合体或者肿瘤专科的联盟把基层各医疗机构的医疗水平进一步提升。比如说上级医疗机构下派专家,对基层医疗机构进行服务或者指导。另外一种形式,是医疗机构的专科医生到上级医疗机构进行专业化培训,从而使医疗机构均质化,使基层诊疗水平进一步提高。

同时还可以通过加强远程医疗,包括远程会诊、远程预约、远程培训等方式,进一步提升医疗机构特别是边远地区或者西部地区的肿瘤诊疗能力,这些地方比较偏远,派人到上级医疗机构培训也很困难,这种情况下,远程医疗可以提上议事日程。

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