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首艘国产航母“首秀”归来,专家解析海试试了啥

2018-05-18 15:13:35   环球时报

原标题:首艘国产航母“首秀”归来,专家解析海试试了啥

【环球时报-环球网报道记者郭媛丹】新华社18日报道,经过5天的连续奋战,我国第二艘航母完成首次海上试验任务,18日中午返抵大连造船厂码头。这次试验从5月13日开始,多项设备得到了进一步测试,达到了预期目的。

13日上午7时许,我国第二艘航母、首艘国产航母从大连造船厂码头启航,赴相关海域执行海上试验任务。主要检测验证动力系统等设备的可靠性和稳定性。

航母专家李杰对《环球时报》表示,从官方表述分析表明此次试验基本完成了既定试验项目,动力检测成功,达到设计指标。

从现场照片来看,国产航母海试归来有引导船在四周伴随航行,其目的一是做好警戒工作,二是引导航母进入港口。在海试结束后依靠自己的动力自行航行返回工厂码头,这表明第一艘国产航母的动力系统在海上完成了试验试航任务。

军事专家宋忠平对《环球时报》表示,毕竟这是航母的首次海试,所以安全是首位的,这个阶段航母动力系统还在磨合期。宋忠平表示,航母在海试的时候是靠拖船拖出去,因为其动力系统还没有正常工作,航母的动力系统实际上是出海之后才启动。照片显示航母海试归来,主要靠自己的动力进港,其他船只辅助进港,这表示动力系统测试很成功。

另一个海试顺利的标志是此次航母海试按预定计划展开,这表示此次海试期间比较顺利,没有发生大的意外。

5月11日辽宁海事局发布的103号航行警告,显示5月13日0900时至5月18日1200时,在黄海北部四点连线海域执行军事任务。禁止驶入。事实证明这是国产航母海试的时间范围。

国产航母首次海试期间自主研制的动力系统和推进系统将接受海洋环境的真正考验。

李杰对《环球时报》表示,首次海试主要目的就是检验动力系统,通俗地讲就是检验锅炉和螺旋桨,这两样能确保航母动起来。动力系统检验主要是看在锅炉全部运转下的状态。在此期间,航母航行先是低速,然后是高速。一般情况下要在海上高速航行三天三夜,让锅炉全部运转起来,以此检验动力系统的可靠性和稳定性,以保证未来的作战需要。动力系统检测期间可能发生的意外是锅炉管道破裂,出现漏水;此外,还有锅炉隔热层是否被烧坏。此前俄罗斯为印度制造的航母在海试期间8台蒸汽锅炉7台被烧毁。而推进系统的检验主要是看螺旋桨和轴承的密封度,英国航母伊丽莎白在海试期间因为螺旋桨轴周围密封不良,造成海水倒灌,每小时有超过200升海水涌入。作为船舶的主要传动机构,船舶主轴是将主机动力传动输出给螺旋桨的主要机构,这也是船舶动力系统中至关重要的一环。

李杰认为,与辽宁舰首次海试相比,国产航母的首次海试有一个关键性的决胜因素,那就是人才队伍的成熟。辽宁舰是中国首艘航母,每一步都是在摸着石头过河,但国产航母的人才队伍可谓是人才济济,全是“能手”“熟手”。此前官媒披露曾任辽宁舰舰长的张峥出任首艘国产航母编队指挥员,曾在辽宁舰服役的官兵也分布在各个岗位,因此即便是首次出海各个战位的操作手也能熟练操作。

至于下一次海试重点是什么,李杰认为要根据具体情况而定,每次海试都有一个重点。一般情况下,动起来之后紧接着是能听见,能看见,因此下个科目应该是通信、导航、机电等其它系统。

航母海试回来之后,进不进船坞要看海试中间出现的问题大还是小。因此初次海试之后,锅炉、汽轮机,整个动力系统都需要进行检测。李杰认为,观察航母首次海试的成功指数有多高,标志之一是看航母首次海试和第二次海试之间的间隔有多久。

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