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华人领衔团队研发新寨卡疫苗在恒河猴上实现免疫

2017-09-24 00:17:03   新华网

(原标题:新寨卡疫苗在灵长类动物身上展现免疫效果)

新华社伦敦9月22日电华人学者领衔的一个团队在寨卡疫苗研发上取得进一步突破。他们22日在英国《自然·通讯》杂志发表报告说,新开发出的一种寨卡减毒活疫苗已经成功在灵长类动物恒河猴身上展现了免疫效果,只需一次注射就能实现长期有效保护,并且疫苗安全性很好。

寨卡病毒是一种主要由蚊媒传播的病毒。有证据显示这种病毒在感染怀孕女性后,会破坏胎儿发育中的脑部,最终造成小头症及其他神经系统病变。寨卡病毒还可以通过性传播感染,它能感染男性生殖系统,且病毒RNA(核糖核酸)能够在男性精液中长期存在。

美国得克萨斯大学史佩勇教授领衔的团队通过建立寨卡克隆病毒平台并借助基因工程手段,获得了寨卡病毒的减毒株。减毒活疫苗是指活病毒经处理后毒性减弱但仍保留复制能力和免疫原性的疫苗。

史佩勇通过电子邮件接受新华社记者采访时说,他们首先在小鼠身上测试了该疫苗的作用。结果显示,注射一次免疫减毒活疫苗就可以对怀孕小鼠提供有效保护,并大幅降低寨卡病毒对小鼠胎儿的感染;进一步实验显示,减毒活疫苗还能对雄性小鼠的生殖系统提供保护。

更重要的是,这一疫苗在与人类体征接近的灵长类动物恒河猴身上也显示了良好效果。从实验结果看,只需一次注射减毒活疫苗就可以有效激发恒河猴的免疫系统,并能防止寨卡病毒对恒河猴的感染。而一般来说,灭活疫苗等其他类型疫苗需多次注射才能起到免疫作用。

报告第一作者、得克萨斯大学单超博士说,他们开发出的减毒活疫苗是首个同时证实了可以对小鼠及灵长类动物均有保护效果的疫苗,而且减毒活疫苗避免了寨卡病毒对雄性生殖系统损伤并显示出了很好的安全性,“这为开展临床研究奠定了更加坚实的基础”。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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