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探秘挖出的北京“地下城” 昔日避难所变身菜市场

2017-08-26 01:14:25   参考消息

参考消息网8月26日报道 西媒称,20世纪70年代,中国修建了很多“地下掩体”以防入侵,后来有些被改造成了市场,在北京市北部的和平里就有这样一个菜市场。

据西班牙《国家报》8月22日报道,这个菜市场位于地下8米处,装有简易的通风设备,稍微能够缓解地下的潮湿和闷热,小商贩在这里摆摊卖各种蔬菜。圆白菜、洋葱、西红柿等蔬菜整齐地摆放在摊位上,不但新鲜而且物美价廉。走在北京街头,可以看到高楼大厦和胡同巷子和谐共存,但却很难想象在地下还有这样一个颇具规模的“地下城”。


和平里菜市场。(西班牙《国家报》网站)

报道称,北京地下城始建于上世纪70年代,当时中苏两国的友好关系出现裂痕,中国为防止苏联入侵或者投放原子弹建设了这座地下城,据估计,当时有至少30万北京人参与了这座地下掩体的挖掘建设工程。如今,那个特殊的历史时期已然过去,但这座拥有30公里长隧道、占地面积达85平方公里、位于地下8米至18米深处的地下城却完好如初地保留下来。

这座地下城在很大程度上是北京人一铁锹一铁锹挖出来的,地下城的大部分隧道在2、3年内就完工了。当时北京人口约为600万人,一旦开战,这座地下城可以为将近一半人提供掩护,还有一半人则必须通过隧道转移到位于北京西部香山附近的防空洞中。

为了应对长期战争,负责设计的工程师不但在地下城里准备了睡觉的地方,还建设了卫生间、篮球场、电影院和医院,设计者甚至利用地下潮湿的环境开辟出培养食用菌的区域,以供躲避战争的群众食用。此外,地下城还配备了通风系统和防洪闸等,但从未投入使用。随着时间的流逝,这座地下城逐渐被人淡忘。

报道称,被北京人遗忘的地下城后来成为外来打工者用来临时遮风挡雨的住所,有些区域成为地下剧院,还有的区域变成地下饭店,前来北京游玩的游客甚至将地下城视为一个值得一看的景点。不过近年来大部分地下城因为年久失修而被迫关闭。

和平里菜市场过去曾经是一个地下溜冰场,两年前关停后才变成了菜市场。据官方消息称,这个菜市场有上百个摊位,老百姓可以在这里买到鲜肉、蔬菜和活鱼等。虽然紧邻着北京著名的东单菜市场,但是这里并不冷清,每天的客流量可达8000人次。一位在这里卖菜的北京人说:“这里的菜一样,但价钱却比那里便宜。”

虽然具有价格优势,但是这座地下菜市场的环境堪忧:阴暗潮湿、逼仄狭窄,特别是生鲜区弥漫着一股浓重的异味。据商贩们讲,作为北京城市治理工程的一部分,这座地下菜市场将于今年10月彻底关停。前来买菜的顾客也颇感惋惜,不过他们认为这座颇有历史的菜市场不会被抛弃,未来或许还会成为一座溜冰场,继续为老百姓服务。

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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