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美媒关注中国水下机器人:很可能与潜艇侦察任务有关

2017-07-30 01:25:14   参考消息

参考消息网7月30日报道美国《国家利益》网站7月24日刊登题为《美国可能很快发现自己将在水下战中与中国摊牌》的文章,作者是美国海军军事学院中国海事研究所副教授 莱尔·戈尔茨坦),具体摘要如下:

对亚太战略深思熟虑的战略家很快会得出结论,水下战具有决定性意义。在精确打击的时代,固定目标很容易受到攻击,这意味着空军基地无法抵御一连串导弹的攻击。随着情报、监视、侦察传感器的升级以及导弹射程和兵力投掷平台的扩大,水上战舰可能就更难以匹敌。有谣言指中国已在潜艇静音方面取得某些突破,中国海军潜艇部队有雄心进入北极海域和大西洋,并以此作为其增强机动部署能力的一部分。因此,认真考虑这些谣言并不是可笑的事情。

资料图:人们在上交会上观看名为“海翼”水下滑翔机的新型水下机器人

但水下战不是静态的,一些人推测更快的电脑处理速度与大量新型水下传感器相结合可能令海洋的偏僻区域变得越来越透明,从而破坏潜艇的隐形和存活能力。中国近来在这些方面取得的某些研究进展已备受外界关注。困扰水下战策划者的另一大问题是水下机器人(不论是无人潜航器还是远程遥控潜水器)到底有多重要。它们将扮演像无人机一样重要的角色吗?

中国首架无人潜航器名为“海翼”,是一款外形标准的水下滑翔机。据称,“海翼”并不是中方唯一的水下滑翔机项目。据日前出版的中国军事杂志——《兵工科技》上一篇有关“海翼”的文章介绍,由于采用无动力推进,“海翼”的噪声极低。这一特点意味着它在军事领域也有很大的应用价值。由沈阳自动化研究所研制的“海翼”系列水下滑翔机长2米,重65公斤,尺寸与西方国家的同类产品相似。该项目于2003年启动,2005年研制出样机。在2012年的扩展测试中,“海翼”探测了南中国海东沙群岛周边的海域。该文章进一步指出,由于西方国家对水下滑翔机技术的封锁,“海翼”是“完全自主研发的”。后续的报道称“海翼”已刷新最大下潜深度纪录,达到6229米深。这具有重要意义,因为声音的传播效果在越深的水下越明显,所以深海水下滑翔机很可能与潜艇侦察任务有关。

在中国的水下滑翔机研发项目中,更为神秘的很可能是“仿海豚水下滑翔机”。除具有噪声低的特点外,“仿海豚水下滑翔机”还可以执行“声呐对抗”任务。《兵工科技》杂志还披露中国正在研发“国产新型反潜反蛙人无人船”。这种无人船有4米长和8米长两个型号。据称,其最高速度可达45节,海上巡航能力最高可达1500公里。该项目于2014年启动,样船是由聚碳酸酯塑料、玻璃纤维和凯夫拉材料制成。

中国正在计划用机器人打造自己的“海上长城”,上述研发项目让大家对中国的这一计划有了一定了解。在未来几年内,中国和美国的水下无人设备将很有可能出现对峙,并展开高风险的猫捉老鼠游戏,相互测试对方的实力。

责任编辑:穆启春 CN063
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