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第一艘航天远洋测量船:中国航天测量网历史性跨越

2017-07-22 10:52:45   新华网

新华社北京7月22日电题:第一艘航天远洋测量船:实现中国航天测量网历史性跨越

新华社记者梅世雄、解放军报记者黄超

“神舟”七号航天载人发射任务中,中国卫星海上测控部所属的“远望”一号等纷纷出征大洋。这也是服役已30年的“远望”一号船最后一次执行实战任务。

“作为第一艘航天远洋测量船,“远望”一号船为我国的航天测控事业作出了突出贡献。”时任中国卫星海上测控部主任简仕龙说。

上世纪60年代初,美国第一代远洋测量船“阿诺德将军”号和“范登堡将军”号,以及前苏联的“科罗廖夫”号、“加加林”号先后建成并投入使用。

“那时,航天测量船的建造,成为一个国家科技发展水平和综合国力的象征。”军事科学院研究员孙晓文说。

1967年7月18日,建设远洋综合测量船队的实施方案“718工程”确立,工程很快获得了毛泽东和中央军委的同意。

1975年,在江苏江阴,航天远洋测量船队基地在一片滩涂上开始了近3年的艰苦兴建。同时,中国第一代远洋航天测量船也在江南造船厂开工建造。

1977年8月31日,“远望”一号航天远洋测量船正式下水,次年正式服役。船总长191米,船宽22.6米,船高37.2米,平均吃水7.5米,满载排水量21076吨。

“远望”一号船的任务是担负远程火箭全程飞行试验的再入段测量、潜艇水下发射导弹出水至落点的全程试验,以及人造卫星和宇宙飞船的跟踪、观测、遥测和遥控,并作为长江下游的活动观测站。

简仕龙说,为完成这些任务,“远望”一号船上的设备齐全,装备了船舶、导航定位、测量控制、通信、气象、打捞救生等六大系统。

孙晓文介绍,“远望”一号船的诞生,标志着中国成为继美、苏、法之后世界上第4个能够自主建造航天测量船的国家,结束了中国在陆地以外不能进行航天测量的历史,实现了中国航天测量网从陆地到海洋的历史性跨越。

30多年间,“远望”一号船先后44次远征大洋,安全航行2600多天、44万海里,圆满完成远程运载火箭、气象卫星、载人飞船等57次国家级重大科研试验任务,享有“海上科学城”的美誉,先后荣获集体一等功1次、二等功6次、三等功3次,并荣获“中国载人航天工程突出贡献集体”称号。

2010年10月,“远望”一号船正式退役,并捐赠给上海江南造船集团,与中国船舶馆和江南机器制造总局翻译馆组成三位一体展示平台,用于爱国主义教育和航天、航海、造船技术等科普教育展览。

截至2017年5月,中国一共建造了三代7艘航天远洋测量船。其中,“远望”一号、二号已经退役。2016年7月12日,“远望”七号船入列“远望”号船队,成为“远望”家族的新成员、远洋航天测控的主力军。

责任编辑:韩佟 CL1368
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