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第一种远程火箭炮:晴天霹雳撼长空(图)

2017-07-21 10:26:23   新华网

第一种远程火箭炮:晴天霹雳撼长空(图)

原济南军区某炮兵旅远程火箭炮营整建制奔赴西北戈壁荒漠摔打锤炼部队,这是训练中两枚火箭弹同时发射时的情景(资料照片)。

“喀秋莎站在那峻峭的岸上,歌声好像明媚的春光……”这首曾风靡中国的苏联歌曲《喀秋莎》,与另一个和她同名的武器——“喀秋莎”火箭炮,都在苏联卫国战争中留下了无法抹去的记忆。

似电闪雷鸣,像晴天霹雳,这就是“喀秋莎”火箭炮给德军最直观的感觉。对较大面积的集团目标实施火力突击,压制敌方炮阵地或破坏阵地配系,“喀秋莎”火箭炮使德军闻风丧胆。在二战中的出色表现,使“喀秋莎”火箭炮受到了世界的广泛关注,很多国家以其为样板,研制出了各种不同类型的火箭炮。

军事科学院研究员孙晓文说:“火箭炮是一种借助炮弹自射携带的火箭发动机,推动射弹前进的多发联装发射装置。”中国研制火箭炮的工作起步比较早。1948年,我军火箭技术专家钟林在河北组建了火箭技术室,带领科技人员开始研制野战火箭炮。

“朝鲜战争爆发后,科技人员加快了火箭炮的研制进程。”孙晓文说。1950年底,A3式6管102毫米野战火箭炮研制成功,最大射程5000米。同时,我军组建了火箭炮兵。中国自己研制的火箭炮很快就用到了抗美援朝战场上,中国人民志愿军官兵运用这种拖车式火箭炮取得了一定效果,给敌人造成了威慑。

“虽然性能比较落后,但这些火箭炮对于我军来说具有划时代的意义,解决了有和无的根本问题。”孙晓文说。朝鲜战争结束后,我国火箭炮研究大幅进步,先后研制出63式130毫米、63式107毫米、70式130毫米、71式180毫米、81式122毫米、82式130毫米、90式122毫米远程火箭炮,以及“卫士”远程多管火箭系统等,形成了庞大的火箭炮家族。

2015年,中国兵器工业集团公司公布了研制的一批新型武器,多型火箭炮武器系统可兼容发射无控、制导火箭弹及战术导弹,配备了火控和无人侦察功能。

新华社发(杨广辉摄)

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