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国家文物局长谈可可西里申遗成功:可喜更应清醒

2017-07-10 09:00:08   澎湃

原标题:国家文物局长谈可可西里和鼓浪屿申遗成功:可喜可贺更应清醒

7月7日至8日,在波兰召开的第四十一届世界遗产大会上,中国申报的可可西里和“鼓浪屿:历史国际社区”双双列入《世界遗产名录》,中国世界遗产总数达到52处。在我国首批世界遗产诞生30周年之际,连续多年申遗成功的光环之下,保持冷静平和的心态不断提升中国世界遗产保护水平。

从1985年加入《保护世界文化和自然遗产公约》到1987年诞生首批6处世界遗产,从世界遗产数量跃居世界第二到同时拥有大运河、丝绸之路这类举世瞩目的巨型世界遗产,中国世界遗产后来者居上,实现跨越式发展。中国政府积极参与,倾力付出,为世界遗产保护作出巨大贡献。从青藏高原的可可西里、布达拉宫历史建筑群,到逶迤15省市区的长城,从辽阔草原的元上都遗址,到西南边陲的红河哈尼梯田文化景观,世界遗产的保护理念和人文精神已在29个省市区和澳门特别行政区生根开花,硕果累累。各地各方收获良多:国际前沿的先进理念,行业内外的通力协作,各级政府的高度重视,社会各界的广泛参与,经济社会的融合发展……世界遗产在我国文化遗产发展史上具有划时代意义。

连续10多年申遗成功,固然可喜可贺,而清醒、理性,反思、审慎,则是当下应有的态度。与世界遗产强国相比,我们仍有不小差距。各地仍不同程度存在“重申报、轻管理”现象,“申遗热”存在急功近利隐患,申遗时高度集中社会资源投入保护展示,成功后重心转向商业开发忽视后续保护,对世界遗产造成安全威胁甚至破坏。丽江古城多次发生火灾事故,清东陵和明十三陵文物连续被盗,暴露出对世界遗产可持续保护认识的模糊和短视。此现象不除,受损的恐怕不只是某一处世界遗产,还有中国作为负责任大国的形象。

反观意大利,从2008年与瑞士联合申报高山铁路文化景观,到2010年扩展瑞士圣乔尔乔山,从2011年联合周边5国申报阿尔卑斯山史前干栏建筑,到今年跨国申报15—17世纪威尼斯共和国防御体系、联合欧洲9国扩展欧洲原始海岸森林,成功的跨国申遗和国际合作,最终保住了其稳居多年的世界第一。2018年开始,联合国教科文组织将实施申遗新政,一国一年只能申报一项世界遗产,政策优惠倾斜没有世界遗产或世界遗产数量较少的国家。同时,国际社会空前关注世界遗产保护状况。此种情形下,理性申遗、科学保护、永续传承将成为今后工作重点,须从中华文化走出去的高度,以国际视角深入研究申报项目的价值内涵和国家影响力。

中国世界遗产数量名列前茅,与我国历史悠久、文化灿烂的遗产资源大国地位相匹配,但要达到世界一流的保护管理水平绝非易事,需要付出长期不懈的艰苦努力。我们在遗产保护、法规建设、文物安全、能力建设等方面尚有很大提升空间。

连年成功意味着担子更重、责任更大。一方面,我们要切实坚定文化自信,认真履行中国政府向国际社会作出的承诺,在全面加强世界遗产保护管理中,创新中国经验,创造中国奇迹,不断增强中国话语权和国家文化软实力。另一方面,要发挥自身优势,通过遗产保护援助、联合考古发掘、人才培养合作、技术交流互鉴等方式,加强与周边国家、“一带一路”沿线国家的国际合作,支持更多发展中国家实现世界遗产梦,在国际舞台宏亮中国声音、增添中国力量。(作者为文化部党组成员、国家文物局党组书记、局长)

来源:人民日报

责任编辑:杨晓晨 CN067
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