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萤火虫生态危机引关注 滥捕影响生物链平衡

2017-06-28 14:36:27   法制日报

原标题  业内人士揭萤火虫买卖背后“生态危机”


调查动机

今年入夏以来,关于萤火虫的新闻频频出现,其中就包括各种反对买卖萤火虫、抵制萤火虫商展的声音。一只小小的萤火虫缘何引起社会关注?其背后究竟存在哪些问题?《法制日报》记者进行了一番调查。

银烛秋光冷画屏,轻罗小扇扑流萤。

天阶夜色凉如水,坐看牵牛织女家。

千百年来,杜牧的这首《秋夕》令许多人油然生出“于我心有戚戚焉”的感觉,他们记忆里都藏着一副夜晚到来萤火虫临空飞舞的画面。如今,这样的画面却越来越难得一见。

萤火虫不仅是夏日一道风景,对于生态环境保护有着不同寻常的意义。

华中农业大学植物科技学院副教授付新华是我国第一个萤火虫博士,发现并命名了多种萤火虫。他认为,大量捕捉萤火虫会破坏当地的食物链,影响生物多样性。“萤火虫幼虫捕食蜗牛和分解小昆虫的尸体,而蜗牛吃菜叶和杂草,一旦前者大量减少,会造成生态失衡”。

萤火虫保护志愿者也在一封公开信中援引研究萤火虫12年的中科院昆明动物研究所助理研究员李学燕的观点提到,萤火虫是处于生物链“金字塔”底层的昆虫,它们捕食蜗牛、鼻涕虫、萝卜螺等小生物,可抑制它们危害植物,同时又会被高一级的动物捕食。它们的种群减少和灭绝,会产生连锁反应,使“金字塔”松动,甚至对顶层生物造成影响。

志愿者通过查阅各种资料发现,关于萤火虫的各种商业展览还会带来外来物种入侵、疫病传播的风险。处于相同生态位的外来萤火虫,一旦逃逸并有幸存活下来,势必会对本地萤火虫造成威胁。同时,外来萤火虫还有疫病防控的风险:跨地引进可能造成寄生虫、病菌等病虫害传播,零距离接触可能对游客的安全带来威胁。

正是基于萤火虫在生态环境中的作用及外来物种入侵的影响,今年入夏以来,围绕萤火虫保护风波不断,萤火虫的生存困境也为更多的人知晓。

一场商业活动引发质疑

今年5月底,江苏某地曾发布“萤火虫之约”活动消息,计划放飞数万只萤火虫。在遭到志愿者质疑后,主办方随即出示一份虫源地供货商提供的“动物检疫合格证明”,以表示萤火虫系合法引进。然而,经志愿者初步了解,目前国内并无萤火虫的检疫标准,2016年7月1日后所有的检疫证明均使用机打电子版。

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