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日媒:中国中小城市为二孩苦恼 医院学校将爆满

2017-04-23 07:46:47   参考消息

参考消息网4月23日报道日本《富士产经商报》4月17日刊登《中国中小城市正在为“二孩”苦恼》的报道称,中国2015年废除独生子女政策以来,中国的中小城市正苦于应对“婴儿潮”。有专家指出,产科、儿科和幼儿园即将爆满,也有些城市已陷入难以应对婴儿出生数增加的困境。

预防接种需预约等待数日

报道称,在有50万人口的四川省成都市郫都区,医院预防接种中心人多拥挤,为让儿童打预防针,父母需要先行预约然后等上数天。

在内蒙古自治区乌兰浩特市的一家医院,由于担架数不够,医院只好利用木制担架转移产妇。为缓解产科人满为患的局面,乌兰浩特市将一栋建筑改造为产科医院,但医生人手不够的情况无法得到迅速改善。

报道称,中华女子学院教授孙晓梅指出了这一问题。在中国,为确保劳动力,呼吁进一步放开生育政策的呼声日益高涨。但孙晓梅指出,从小城市和城镇的现状来看,进一步放开生育政策显然为时尚早。

孙晓梅表示,呼吁立即撤销“二孩政策”进一步放开生育政策的人口统计学家及其他人有必要去小城镇看看医院的情况,他们可能仅仅根据大城市的情况就得出结论,但情况不像他们想的那样。

2012年以来,中国的劳动人口一直处于下降状态,随着工资上涨,劳动力减少威胁到出口部门的竞争力。由于年轻人比例下降,经济活力也受到威胁。根据这一现状,人口统计学家们呼吁政府出台奖励措施,鼓励多生。

受数十年的独生子女政策影响,倾向于少生孩子的观念在社会上已根深蒂固。由于大城市抚养孩子的成本高涨,出生率得不到明显提高。2015年10月,中国全面实施“二孩政策”,政府预计之后20年每年新生人口将增加400万,但去年的新生人口仅为1786万人左右,比前年仅增加约131万人。

全国政协委员李葳表示,不能仅仅因为资源不足就继续实行不合理的政策,即使现在立即全面取消限制也难以很快解决人口问题。

李葳在广东省江门市担任市长12年,他亲眼看到工厂是如何一步一步面临招工难问题的。他表示,没有劳动力,怎么发展经济?有必要为立即提高出生率而采取对策。

解决问题需要五年时间

据报道,很多学者认为,“二孩政策”见效太慢,不足以解决国家人口老龄化和劳动力萎缩的问题。孙晓梅与这些学者的见解不同。由于中小城市和城镇生活负担较轻,选择生二孩的家庭比大城市要多。但这已经给中小城市造成了过重负担,医疗和教育设施已经到了承受极限。孙晓梅对此表示担忧。

孙晓梅在大学期间学习妇女运动历史,有30多年的妇联活动经验,她期待有关生育计划的政策最终被完全取消。

她主张,在此之前,提高出生率最有效的方法是,进一步增加医院数量,培养更多的产科医生,提供补贴支持保育设施,减轻多子女家庭的税收负担等。

孙晓梅指出,等解决所有问题后,才可以撤销所有人口生育限制。结果出来之前,需要等五年左右。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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