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中国航母4万吨超级补给舰试航 补全战斗群最后短板

2016-12-21 10:35:25   

互联网上19日流传着一组中国901型新型补给舰首舰试航的照片。对于这种辅助舰只的服役,外界却给予了特殊的关注,原因就在于“901型补给舰补全了中国航母战斗群中最后一块短板”。正如美国《防务新闻》的评论所说,航母战斗群给人印象最深的往往是那些高大威武的作战舰艇,但它们能否发挥作用,却得依靠各种“不起眼”的辅助舰艇,因此在海军军备发展中才有了“外行看作战舰艇,内行看辅助舰艇”的说法。

综合补给舰:“超级奶妈”

网上流传的这组照片显示,901型补给舰拥有三座高大的补给门架和宽阔的舰尾直升机甲板,明显比此前服役的两万吨级补给舰微山湖舰大了一圈。美国《全球安全》网站猜测,901型补给舰航速可能达25节,排水量超过4万吨,与美国现役“供应”级大型补给舰吨位相当。这种新型补给舰的服役,将彻底解决中国航母战斗群巡航时的后勤供应问题。

航母编队物流中心!中国首艘901型补给舰试航

中国军事专家李杰20日告诉《环球时报》记者,大型综合补给舰通常是为规模庞大的航母战斗群而设计,最大特点就是具备种类非常齐全的弹、油、水和食品补给能力。例如在弹药补给方面,航母编队中不同舰机的需求各不相同,从舰载机挂载的航空炸弹、空射制导武器,到舰艇使用的防空导弹、反舰导弹乃至各种炮弹和鱼雷,种类可能多达数十种。在燃油方面更是如此,战机需要航空煤油,战舰则使用煤油、柴油甚至重油,综合补给舰必须满足整个航母编队的各种补给需求。综合补给舰为此采取立体补给方式,包括纵向、横向和直升机垂直补给,能同时为多艘舰艇实施干货和液货补给。

李杰介绍说,对于远航的海军编队而言,返港补给耗时费力,容易错失战机,缺乏海外基地的国家在此方面尤其吃亏。即便是海外基地遍布全球的美国,由于航母战斗群每次战备值班需要在海上漂泊3-6个月,配套的综合补给舰,无论是之前的“萨克拉门托”级还是现役的“供应”级,满载排水量通常在4万吨以上,才能满足航母战斗群的海量物资需求,因此它堪称航母的“超级奶妈”。此外,综合补给舰必须跟随整个航母编队共同行动,因此航速相对较快,通常在22节以上,这也是那些慢吞吞的普通补给舰难以匹敌的。

《全球安全》网站称,远洋补给能力一向被看做是中国海军的薄弱环节,中国海军亚丁湾护航行动中,前十余批次的护航编队轮番更换主力舰艇,但担任补给的却始终是千岛湖舰和微山湖舰,足以显示当时中国海军远洋补给舰的捉襟见肘。近年中国新建多艘两万吨级补给舰,逐步弥补了数量上的不足,但由于吨位限制,仍不足以支撑航母编队的远洋行动。而901级综合补给舰的服役,有望弥补这个短板。

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