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中国艾滋病现状:超三成感染者未被发现

2016-11-29 04:33:14   新京报

(原标题:近半数艾滋病感染者是年轻男性)

12月1日是第29个世界艾滋病日,今年中国的宣传主题是“携手抗艾,重在预防”。

中国疾控中心发布的法定传染病报告显示,今年1月-8月艾滋病新发病例34401例,死亡8817例。

“值得注意的是,目前中国仍有32.1%感染者未被发现,这些隐蔽的感染者因为无法得到及时有效的治疗,疾病一直处在进展状态,预后令人担心;同时,这些未知感染者也可能成为传染源继续传播给更多的人。”解放军第302医院感染性疾病诊疗与研究中心副主任姜天俊说。

现状

男男性行为致HIV感染持续增高

21岁的小森因男男性行为而感染HIV。确诊以前,他对艾滋病相关知识了解很少,觉得艾滋病离自己很远。“无意间查出来以后整个人都崩溃了。”小森所在的同性恋社交圈里,年龄跨度很广,小到十几岁的中学生,大到60多岁的老人。

来自中国疾控中心性病艾滋病预防控制中心的数据显示,在青年学生艾滋病疫情当中,近5年我国15岁-24岁青年学生HIV感染者年均增长率已经达到35%。青年学生艾滋病疫情以性传播为主,主要是男性同性性传播。

男男性行为也是北京艾滋病传播的主要渠道。今年6月29日,北京市发布的《2015年度卫生与人群健康报告》显示,去年新增HIV感染者中有82.32%系通过男男性行为传播。从年龄结构上看,2015年,47.81%的新增感染者及病人在25岁至34岁的年龄段;其次为15岁至24岁年龄段,占比达到21.2%。北京市卫计委相关负责人表示,针对这一传播特点,相关部门将加大对男男同性恋的疾病预防干预,加大对他们实施性行为保护措施的宣传教育。

50岁以上HIV感染者再创新高

联合国艾滋病规划署新发布的报告中指出,在2015年,50岁以上的艾滋病病毒感染者达到580万人这一历史新高。然而,老年HIV感染者相较普通老年人得慢性病的几率高达5倍。

姜天俊指出,当前,艾滋病的诊疗进展日新月异,原来的“超级绝症”已变为一种可以长期存活的慢性疾病,就像高血压、糖尿病一样。但不同的是,艾滋病是一种传染病,如果不采取适当的预防手段便会传染给其他人。随着患者年龄的增大,人体各个器官逐渐老化,对药物的代谢排出功能也明显衰落。目前,艾滋病治疗尚需要终身服药,老年HIV感染者对多个药物的耐受程度会有所下降,从而出现一些相关合并症的概率就会增大,这是老年艾滋病患者容易并发慢性病的原因之一。

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