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卫计委:全面两孩后高龄产妇变多 早产儿将增加

2016-11-17 16:48:59   华西都市报

原标题:卫计委:全面两孩后高龄产妇增多 我国将有更多早产儿出生

封面新闻北京11月17日电(记者 许雯)11月17日是世界早产儿日。据统计,我国每年约有120万早产儿出生,数量居全球第二位,早产已成为我国新生儿死亡及婴儿死亡的首要原因。国家卫生计生委妇幼司副司长宋莉今日表示,随着全面两孩政策的实施,我国出生人口数量将持续增加,高龄孕产妇比例也明显增多,未来将会有更多的早产儿出生。

我国将迎新一轮生育高峰  早产儿数量将增加

胎龄不足37周出生的胎儿被称为早产儿。联合国儿童基金会驻中国办事处驻华代表花楠表示,全球每年有1500万早产儿,占所有新生儿总数的1/10。2015年,早产在全球新生儿死亡原因排行榜中首次升至第一位。

“研究表明,许多早产儿即使有幸生存下来,也将面临终身残疾以及生活质量不佳的困扰。”花楠认为,随着全面两孩政策的放开,中国将迎来新一轮生育高峰,高龄孕产妇数量也越来越多,“虽然孕产妇年龄越大,心态会越成熟,但增加了早产的风险。”

世界卫生组织驻华代表处张拓红指出了同样的问题,“高龄孕产妇面临更高的患孕期糖尿病和高血压风险,以及多胎妊娠和辅助生殖技术的运用,都会导致早产,但都是可以避免的。”

宋莉表示,目前我国早产发生率约为7%。随着全面两孩政策的实施,我国出生人口数量将持续增加,高龄孕产妇比例也明显增多,未来将会有更多的早产儿出生。

采取科学、可行、经济的措施  可挽救3/4早产儿生命

宋莉指出,对早产儿来说,早期保健和干预至关重要,恰当的保健措施可以挽救绝大多数早产儿,而许多保健措施是非常简便易行的,比如“袋鼠式护理法”(母亲抱住婴儿进行直接的皮肤接触),母乳喂养,新生儿复苏适宜技术等。

但专家指出,这些措施还没有被广泛应用,多数早产儿没有得到应有的帮助 。“这些简单易行的科学方法可挽救3/4早产儿的生命,并降低高致残率,但大多数医院并没有采用。”花楠说。

张拓红表示,世界卫生组织近年先后公布了早产儿照顾指南和孕妇产前指南,“这些措施以科学为基础,不但有效,而且成本低廉,切实可行,容易学会。但全社会对早产儿的知识了解还远远不够,不仅早产儿父母不了解,甚至边远地区的医务人员也不知道怎么做。而且有些传统观念没有得到及时更新。”

张拓红指出,中国还应设法缩小地区间的差异。“新生儿死亡和婴儿死亡都存在严重地区差异,这不仅是中国的问题,也是全世界的问题。根据我们的统计,胎龄在28周以内出生的早产儿在不发达地区的死亡率是发达地区的9倍,这些早产儿发达地区绝大多数都能活下来。”她说。

宋莉表示,国家卫生计生委将启动新生儿安全项目,推广早产儿护理适宜技术。同时,制定《早产儿保健工作规范》,提高早产儿保健管理水平,预防和减少早产儿死亡和残疾,进一步提高早产儿生存质量。

责任编辑:周晶晶 CN032
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