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北京雾霾“毒”性下降 PM2.5中砷含量下降85.9%

2016-11-15 13:08:32   新华网

资料图。中新网记者金硕摄

原标题:北京雾霾“毒”性下降采暖季PM2.5中砷含量下降百分之八十五点九

过去三年北京市出台系列大气污染防治措施,使北京大气PM2.5中砷、铅和镉三种致癌重金属元素质量比分别下降了85.9%、48.9%和40.7%,其中与煤炭燃烧密切相关的砷改善最为显著。14日,知名国际环保组织与北京环境诱变剂学会潘小川教授合作发布发布的《北京采暖季大气PM2.5中致癌重金属组分差异研究报告》提到了这些数据。

实验分别于2012—2013年、2015—2016年两个冬季采暖期对北京市大气中PM2.5进行取样,分析其重金属含量差异。采样分析数据显示,2012—2013年北京PM2.5中重金属砷、铅、镉的质量比分别为0.128‰,1.816‰和0.027‰;而在2015—2016年三种重金属质量比降至0.018‰,0.928‰,0.016‰,三种重金属在PM2.5中含量均大幅降低。

“砷、铅、镉三种重金属元素在《环境空气质量标准》中都有年均浓度限值要求,长期暴露于这些物质对人体健康有明确不良影响,其中砷、镉属一级人类致癌物。”潘小川说。

2014年起北京陆续关闭3座主要燃煤电厂,并大幅减少燃煤消费量。《北京环境保护公报》显示,主要来源于煤炭燃烧的大气污染物二氧化硫,2015年均浓度相比2013年下降了49.1%。煤炭燃烧也是重金属砷的重要排放源。

《报告》建议北京继续推进无煤化,还应提高城区公共交通比例等,减少机动车污染物排放;全国其他人口密集型、现代化程度较高的大型城市及周边地区,应加快燃煤减排工作力度等。

“致癌重金属砷和二氧化硫浓度大幅下降表明,北京一系列治霾措施已初见成效。但PM2.5对人体危害不仅来源于砷、铅、镉这三种致癌重金属,还有苯丙芘等致癌物。”该环保组织气候与能源项目主任董连赛说,“为保护公众健康,北京应继续加强PM2.5污染治理进度,力争在2022年实现空气质量达标。”(记者李禾)

责任编辑:任冲 CN062
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