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中国将超越太空老兵俄罗斯 军民融合令欧美“担心”

2016-11-04 08:43:14   

美国战略预测公司2日称,北京的目标是成为主要的太空国家,“未来20年,中国将超越太空老兵俄罗斯,甚至有一天中国会走在美国的前头。”

“中国在世界航天领域正在排挤俄美”,俄罗斯《观点报》3日称,中国去年共进行了19次航天发射,所有发射都是成功的。对于载人航天飞行目前世界只有俄美中三国有能力实施。美国目前暂时失去了这一能力。而中国神舟飞船已实施了多次载人飞行。美国已对在航天领域可能落后于中国感到不安。而俄罗斯则并不担心中国在航天领域位居领先地位,因为俄中两国已就未来航天领域合作问题达成了初步协议。

中国航天科技集团一院长征五号火箭副总设计师娄路亮介绍说,凭借强大的新型发动机,长征五号运载能力已经达到或超过国外主流大型火箭,如阿里亚娜5、德尔塔4、宇宙神5等,火箭总体和部分分系统技术达到国际先进水平,可靠性、适应性、安全性大幅提高。

在《环球时报》记者的采访过程中,谈及长征五号的研制难度,相关人员都是感慨不已。要知道,国际上研制新型火箭采用新技术的比例一般不超过30%。而作为一枚全新研制的火箭,长征五号采用了247项核心关键新技术,核心技术都具有完全自主知识产权。

“目前全球能做到这个水平的只有美国和俄罗斯”,杨承军3日晚对《环球时报》记者说,“现在我们绝对是属于第一梯队,欧洲已经被甩在后面。”他说,中国在某些方面,比如测量和精确制导-技术,已超过美俄达到领先水平。日本航天也比较先进,但是在有效载荷、远轨道准确入轨方面比不上中国。

在长征五号发射前后,对中国航天实力增长表示担心的声音也不少。美国战略预测公司2日称,中国太空产业的崛起将塑造北京的对外政策。北京希望有一天能够利用本国的航天部门,与那些航天领域薄弱的国家建立关系。在太空外交方面,中国计划为让北斗导航卫星系统为参与“一带一路”的国家服务。与此同时,中国邀请其他国家参与自己的空间站计划。

“中国追求太空地位的推动者是解放军吗?美国《芝加哥论坛报》2日称,除了重复美苏的登月计划,中国还要探索火星,这明显是要提高其在太空发展领域的发言权。北京的意图一定是利用太空发展增强民族威望。“外界最大的担忧是,中国军方负责航天项目,并且从军费中拿出大量资金优先发展太空项目。太空探索和太空技术的发展是一枚硬币的两面。太空飞行器控制能力的提高对弹道导弹制导非常有用。”文章还说,中国一直在建设北斗导航系统,该系统“是解放军陆海空一体化作战不可缺少的一部分”。日本《读卖新闻》也发社论警告称,日本和美国必须密切合作,强化对中国加快发展军事主导的太空项目的跟踪。两国已经建立了太空工作组,并就反制措施进行磋商。

上海国际问题学者沈丁立日前接受新加坡《海峡时报》采访时表示,中国无意将外太空军事化。“军民融合在十八大后已经被确定为国家战略”,杨承军3日晚对《环球时报》记者说,任何一个国家的军事战略导弹技术和民用航天技术都是相互促进、交替发展的,“这非常正常,不违反任何国际法”。他表示,实际上,随着我国航天事业的发展,一些民用的技术已经超过军用技术。

【环球时报赴海南文昌特派记者马俊任重柳玉鹏环球时报记者谭福榕】

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