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婴幼儿肺炎疫苗断档一年重获上市 预估一剂近千元

2016-11-03 05:25:05   北京青年报

(原标题:婴幼儿肺炎疫苗断档一年重获上市)

北京青年报记者昨日从辉瑞公司官网获悉,该公司生产的13价肺炎球菌多糖结合疫苗已获国家食药监总局上市批准,可在国内用于6周龄至15月龄婴幼儿预防如菌血症肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症和菌血症等疾病,弥补了自去年7价肺炎疫苗退市以来,2岁以下婴幼儿肺炎疫苗空白的局面。

填补婴幼儿预防肺炎疫苗空白

去年上半年,辉瑞公司宣布7价肺炎疫苗在中国全面退市,给不少家长出了一道难题——这是国内唯一一种婴幼儿可接种的肺炎疫苗。此后一年半至今,儿童肺炎疫苗在国内处于“断档”状态。北青报记者日前从六里屯社区卫生服务中心获悉,当时该接种点储存了一批7价疫苗,用于已接种第一剂的儿童完成全程的接种,“对于还没有接种7价肺炎的儿童,就只能等2岁以后接种23价肺炎疫苗”,该社区卫生服务中心负责儿童保健工作的安医生表示,“2岁以下婴幼儿什么时候能接种上肺炎疫苗?我们所有人都特别关心。”

过去一年,国内接种的肺炎疫苗以“23价肺炎球菌多糖疫苗”为主。在疾控中心从事免疫规划工作十余年的陶医生向北青报记者介绍,婴幼儿的肺炎球菌感染比成人更加严重,更加需要疫苗保护。虽然肺炎23价多糖疫苗安全有效,但也有一个重大缺点——多糖工艺无法对婴幼儿产生保护力。“相对于多糖工艺,结合工艺对于2岁以下婴幼儿可以起到更好的保护作用”,陶医生介绍。所谓结合工艺,是指将肺炎球菌表面的多糖与蛋白结合做成疫苗,可以高效刺激婴幼儿的免疫系统,获得更持久和全面的保护。此次获批上市的沛儿肺炎13价结合疫苗就是一种结合疫苗。

北青报记者了解到,国内目前有北京民海生物、北京科兴生物、云南玉溪沃森和兰州生物制品四家企业正在从事13价肺炎疫苗的研发,但其中最快的进展仍在临床二期、三期试验阶段,具体上市时间尚无法预期。

全程接种需4次跨度约为一年

在可通过疫苗预防的疾病中,肺炎球菌疾病是导致全球5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因。根据辉瑞公司的介绍,13价肺炎球多糖结合疫苗在国内上市后,将用于帮助6周龄至15月龄婴幼儿预防由13种肺炎球菌血清型导致的相关侵袭性疾病,如菌血症肺炎、脑膜炎、败血症和菌血症等。肺炎球菌是引起侵袭性疾病、肺炎和上呼吸道感染的主要原因。

推荐接种程序为第2、4、6月龄进行三次基础免疫,在大约第12-15月龄进行一次加强免疫,全程接种四次,跨度约为一年。陶医生介绍,相对于肺炎多糖疫苗,肺炎结合疫苗的优势不仅仅在于能保护婴幼儿,更重要的是其产生的免疫效果更加全面和持久,可以长期保持免疫效果,甚至维持终生。多糖疫苗则只能刺激体液免疫,其免疫效果只能坚持几年。

预估价格千元左右

在过去一年,2岁以下儿童的肺炎疫苗成了“稀缺物种”。7价肺炎疫苗每剂零售价在700-800元,全程4剂价格约为3200元,但据媒体此前报道,退市后北京地区有个别私立医院将7价肺炎疫苗价格炒到了上万元。此外,赴港接种13价肺炎疫苗也成了不少家长的选择。北青报记者了解到,目前香港地区13价肺炎疫苗一剂价格在1080-1280不等,约合人民币940-1100元,再加上往返交通,接种一次13价肺炎疫苗的价格也并不低。

按照药品上市流程,肺炎13价结合疫苗预计2017年在内地上市。对于上市后的价格,业内有不同的声音。有人认为,7价肺炎疫苗的价格已经800元,13价作为其升级版,价格将超千元。陶医生认为,我国作为疫苗需求大国,辉瑞公司应当会考虑谨慎定价,零售价大约在1000元左右。

责任编辑:曲格林 CN064
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