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抗癌事业重大突破!中国医生用小苏打"饿"死癌细胞

2016-09-25 07:06:13   重庆晨报

胡汛

“癌细胞也需要‘吃’东西才能生存,剥夺它的食物,癌细胞就会死亡。”浙江大学肿瘤研究所教授胡汛说,就是循着这个看似简单的原理,他和研究团队一起发现了“饿死”癌细胞的新疗法,并发表在国际生物和医学领域权威杂志elife上,得到了国际著名肿瘤学者的肯定。

欲杀癌细胞,先除两“帮凶”

经过多年基础研究,胡汛发现葡萄糖是癌细胞必需“吃”的东西,照理看,剥夺葡萄糖,癌细胞就会死亡。但实际上,葡萄糖供应不足时,肿瘤没有饿死还不断生长。

胡汛教授道出了其中奥秘:肿瘤中有大量的乳酸,乳酸解离成乳酸阴离子和氢离子,成为癌细胞的两位“帮手”,让其自身能够根据“食物”的多少决定“消耗”多少。

两位“帮手”协同作用,使得癌细胞在葡萄糖含量很少时,非常节约地利用葡萄糖;在没有葡萄糖的情况下,进入“休眠”状态;当有葡萄糖供应时,即刻恢复生长状态。

因此,若想有效“饿死”癌细胞,不仅要剥夺葡萄糖,还需同时破坏乳酸阴离子和氢离子的协同作用。在葡萄糖饥饿或缺乏的前提下,只要去除这两个因子中的任何一个,癌细胞就会快速死亡。

晁明

小苏打被发现具有显著效果

研究人员用碳酸氢钠(小苏打)来去除肿瘤内的氢离子,就可破坏乳酸根和氢离子的协同作用,从而快速有效地杀死处于葡萄糖饥饿或缺乏的肿瘤细胞。

而将基础科研成果快速转化成肿瘤临床治疗,让更多患者受益是关键。

2012年,拥有30年临床经验的浙江大学医学院附属第二医院放射介入科医生晁明和胡汛团队一拍即合,投入到对原发性肝细胞肝癌新型疗法研究中,并将这种方法命名为“靶向肿瘤内乳酸阴离子和氢离子的动脉插管化疗栓塞术”,简称“TILA-TACE”。

临床上,晁明给出解释:“常规动脉插管化疗栓塞术(cTACE)切断了肿瘤的‘食物通道’,然后我们再用碳酸氢钠去除肿瘤内的氢离子,相当于不仅不给肿瘤‘吃饭’,还让它去健身房快速消耗,迅速‘饿死’。”

新治疗方法有效率达100%

令人欣喜的是,他们进行的临床研究结果显示:用cTACE治疗了37例病人,18例有效;用TILA-TACE治疗了40例病人,40例有效。而且,在这个临床研究中用TILA-TACE治疗的肝癌都是难治型肝癌。

而国际上综合报道,cTACE治疗的平均客观有效率为35%。35%到100%,这样巨大的对比,不仅让国际同行在接受这篇文章时非常慎重,就连两位教授也一直是带着怀疑在进行这项研究。

“目前初步统计,病人的中位生存期已超过三年半;后续还需要大样本的随机对照研究,如果证实有效,对肝癌治疗来说,确实是一个飞跃。”两位专家表示。

责任编辑:李东舰 CN031
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