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官方:江淮等流域有大洪水可能 程度弱于1998年

2016-06-29 11:13:23   中国网

国务院新闻办公室于2016年6月29日(星期三)举行新闻发布会,请中国气象局局长郑国光和国家防汛抗旱总指挥部秘书长、水利部副部长刘宁介绍防汛抗洪和气象形势有关情况,并答记者问。

刘宁:

截至6月28日统计,今年以来全国已有23省(区、市)不同程度遭受洪涝灾害,受灾人口、死亡人口、受灾面积和倒塌房屋分别比2000年以来同期均值偏少43%、45%、23%和77%。受灾区域主要集中在南方地区。

当前,我国已全面进入主汛期,防汛抗洪工作到了关键时期。据预测,今年主汛期我国降水总体较常年偏多,受超强厄尔尼诺事件影响,气候水文形势复杂多变,江淮、松辽、太湖等流域有发生较大洪水的可能,中小河流洪水、山洪灾害、城市内涝可能多发,登陆台风强度偏强,可能深入内陆,防汛形势严峻。

下一步,国家防总、水利部将从最不利的情况着手,有力有序高效地做好防汛抗洪各项工作,充分发挥防洪工程体系和非工程体系的作用,最大限度减少灾害损失,全力保障人民群众生命安全。

郑国光:

与1998年同期相比,今年入汛以来全国平均降水量比1998年偏多5%,暴雨过程偏多6次。但今年雨带位置南北摆动大,暴雨过程的最长持续时间不如1998年同期。1998年6月12日至27日的一场暴雨天气过程持续了16天,而今年到目前为止最长一场暴雨持续时间仅为7天。

近期,全球气候也出现反常现象:非洲多国及德国、法国、美国、澳大利亚、印度等国也先后发生暴雨洪涝、泥石流等灾害;非洲南部及柬埔寨、印度等地发生严重干旱;印度、美国等地遭遇极端高温天气、强雷电和龙卷风灾害,印度一次雷电灾害就造成了56人死亡;法国巴黎遭遇了近百年来最严重的洪水灾害;美国也相继发生了多起EF4级以上的龙卷风灾害,造成了重大的人员伤亡。

通常情况下,厄尔尼诺事件发生时,南美沿海岸国家易遭受暴雨洪涝灾害,印度尼西亚、澳大利亚东部、非洲东南部等地易出现干旱。对我国而言,厄尔尼诺事件发生当年,北方地区冬季易出现暖冬,第二年夏季长江流域和江南地区易出现洪涝,夏季东北地区易出现低温。1983年夏季,长江中下游发生严重洪涝,东北出现低温,黑龙江6月气温为1951年以来同期最低;1998年夏季,我国长江流域和松花江、嫩江流域发生特大洪涝灾害。

1951年以来共发生了3次(另两次分别是1997/1998年和1982/1983年)超强厄尔尼诺事件。与1998年相比,今年中高纬的环流形势存在明显不同,冷空气势力明显偏弱,因此,虽然今年我国夏季洪涝灾害较常年明显偏重,但其程度弱于1998年。

尽管厄尔尼诺事件已于今年5月结束,但对全球气候的影响仍将持续。根据国家气候中心预测,今年盛夏(7-8月)我国江淮、江汉、西南地区东部、黄淮、华北东南部及东北南部等地降水可能偏多,长江中下游、淮河流域、黄河下游和辽河流域可能发生暴雨洪涝,应继续做好防汛抗洪工作;下半年影响我国的台风平均强度偏强,需提前做好防台风工作。

大家知道,全球气候正在变暖,2014年和2015年全球平均地表温度连创新高,今年以来,全球平均气温再次打破同期纪录。全球气候变暖造成气候越来越不稳定,极端天气气候事件增多,人类面临的气候风险增大,加上我国经济社会的快速发展,人、财、物集中度增加,未来防灾减灾形势将更加严峻。因此,需要科学认识和把握气候规律,高度重视未来气候安全,加强气象灾害风险管理,主动适应变化了的气候。

责任编辑:赵逸 CN039
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