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央行官员建议撤销银监会证监会保监会和外汇局

2016-02-23 16:51:31   财新网

导读:为统筹协调货币政策、金融稳定、金融改革和金融监管,我国金融管理体制改革的基本方案应该是:撤销银监会、证监会、保监会和外汇局,机构、业务、人员、服务并入中央银行,建立单一金融管理体制。

中央银行统筹货币政策与金融监管是现阶段金融管理体制改革的唯一出路

【金融监管体制改革研究】问题与方向

卜永祥|文

中国人民银行金融研究所副所长

2015年年中以来我国资本市场剧烈波动,银行间市场和外汇市场波幅加剧,银行业不良率上升明显,大型系统重要性金融机构安全性、盈利性和流动性水平持续下降,近期e租宝事件和泛亚事件等线上线下非法金融业务风险不断暴露,监管体制有效性已引起国内外广泛关注。金融波动的直接原因虽与经济金融互动反馈中固有的“加杠杆-去杠杆”周期性因素有关,但我国“一行三会”体制下,银行、证券和保险分业监管,以及监管部门独立于中央银行的金融管理制度,才是事前助推泡沫酝酿风险、事中反应滞后控制不力、事后救助失效推诿责任的深层次根源。

党的十八届五中全会指出,“近来频繁显露的局部风险特别是近期资本市场的剧烈波动说明,现行监管框架存在着不适应我国金融业发展的体制性矛盾”。改革并完善适应现代金融市场发展的金融监管体制,全面提升金融治理体系和治理能力,已成为我国经济下行期推进供给侧结构性改革中防范系统性金融风险的必要条件,实际上也是我国金融业双向开放进程中维护金融稳定和金融安全的必然要求。

一、“一行三会”金融监管体制历史贡献与现实问题

1997年亚洲金融危机后,我国的金融监管取得了长足进步,逐步形成了人民银行主要负责宏观调控、金融改革、金融市场发展和金融稳定,银监会、证监会、保监会分别负责银行业、证券业、保险业微观监管的分业监管格局,金融监管法律法规日臻完善,监管方式和手段不断改进,金融风险的监测、评估和处置机制逐步健全,金融监管专业化水平和有效性大幅提升,对维护金融体系安全稳定、保护金融消费者合法权益、创造公平竞争的金融市场环境发挥了重要保障作用。但是,现代金融市场和信息技术发展使监管体系面临诸多不适应性。

一是与系统性风险防范不适应。在泡沫形成时,分业监管模式使得监管数据和信息难以共享,严重制约了对市场整体风险的判断和识别。在泡沫破灭时,不同监管部门从各自行业出发,缺乏整体风险理念,对风险跨市场传递认识不足,造成反应迟钝。在处置风险时,跨行业、跨市场的风险特征超出了单个监管机构的能力范围,增加了化解风险的决策链条和协调难度,放大了风险处置成本。本轮资本市场震荡警示我们金融管理体制改革的紧迫性。

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