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中国将建约300人“核应急国家队”

2014-05-13 07:51:32   新京报

据新华社电 19台核电机组运行、29台在建,数万家涉核的企业、电站、医院、科研院所……核能核电的广泛应用,核应急、核安全日益牵动社会关注。如何确保核安全的最后一道防线?中国的核应急安全能力究竟怎样?

“5·12防灾减灾日”来临之际,国家核应急办公室副主任、国防科工局核应急安全司司长姚斌就此接受新华社专访。

架构

必要时国务院直接指挥

记者:我国国家核应急体系是什么样的架构?

姚斌:我国的国家核应急管理体制可概括为:一个体系;军队和地方两个系统;在国务院领导下,实行国家、省(区、市)、核设施营运单位三级管理机制。

国家成立由国防科工局牵头,公安部、民政部等27个单位组成的核事故应急协调委员会。必要时,国务院成立国家核事故应急指挥部,统一领导、组织协调全国的核事故应对工作。

记者:国家核应急办公室的职能是什么?

姚斌:国家核应急办是全国核应急工作的行政管理机构,设在国防科工局,承担国家核事故应急协调委的日常工作,主要职责有贯彻执行国务院和国家核应急协调委的决策部署;管理和组织协调国家核应急预案的贯彻落实;检查、指导和协调各级核应急组织的核应急准备工作;负责管理国家核应急响应中心,接收、核实、处理、传递、通报、报告核应急信息等。

使命

全力遏制核事态蔓延

记者:请您介绍一下核应急“国家队”的使命。

姚斌:我们正在积极推进国家级核事故应急救援队的建设项目,力争年内落实经费。核应急“国家队”承担“复杂条件下核电厂重特大核事故的突击抢险和紧急处置任务”,以有效封控核事故源头、及时搜救受困人员、全力遏制事态蔓延、最大限度减轻危害后果为重点任务,有力支援核设施单位的现场处置行动等。

这项工作由国防科工局和总参谋部共同牵头。一是建设一支规模约300人的国家级核应急救援队伍,由现场技术支持、突击抢险、应急监测与辐射防护、去污洗消、医学救援等功能模块组成,突出突击抢险能力和先进专用装备建设。二是建设与300人救援队伍配套的训练基地。

记者:什么时候“国家队”会出动?

姚斌:一般来说,事故非常重大,省级核应急力量不足以满足救援需要时,就会动用“国家队”。有时即便事故本身不是特别重大,但引起了公众恐慌或影响到境外,也会考虑调配国家力量。

机构

已建6个应急救援分队

记者:如何进一步提升核应急能力、管理水平,加强国际合作?

姚斌:国防科工局安排近十亿元资金组织了4个国家核应急技术支持中心、6个应急救援分队,及11个军工单位的核应急基础能力建设。

“核电技术装备走出国门”写入了2014年政府工作报告。与之同步,中国核应急能力也要积极推动核应急领域国际交流合作。去年以来,我们成功举办了中美核应急医学、核应急后果评价培训班。今年将与国际原子能机构在华联合举办严重核事故下的辐射防护与辐射监测技术地区培训班。

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