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火星上的沙尘暴已席卷全球“机遇”号漫游车生死未卜

2018-06-28 05:23:43   科技日报 

原标题:火星上的沙尘暴已席卷全球“机遇”号漫游车生死未卜

科技日报北京6月26日电(记者刘霞)据英国《独立报》近日报道,美国国家航空航天局(NASA)发布报告称,火星表面的巨大沙尘暴现已席卷全球,导致“机遇”号上的太阳能电池板无法工作,中止了与地球的通信,目前“机遇”号生死未卜。

报告称,如果火星上的沙尘暴发生在地球,那么,北美和俄罗斯加起来大小的地域将遭殃。

作为NASA火星探测计划的一部分,“机遇”号于2003年发射升空。目前,其太阳能电池板已经被不断侵入的沙尘暴所覆盖。沙尘暴的进一步侵袭,使人们担心“机遇”号已在红色星球表面“阵亡”。

NASA科学家表示,可能还需要数月时间,火星表面才能获得足够光照,给“机遇”号的电池充电并使其再次履行科学职责。如果无法充电,它可能会彻底失去与地球的通讯并被宣布“失联”,结束为期15年的任务。

不过,NASA表示,位于火星另一边的“好奇”号目前是安全的,因为它拥有“可以日夜运转的核动力电池”,将为科学家提供前所未有的研究火星沙尘暴的机会。

沙尘暴在火星很常见,特别是在火星南半球的春季和夏季,那时,火星距离太阳更近,气候变暖带来的风会吹动尘埃粒子四处飘散。然而,目前这种肆虐全球的巨大风暴非常罕见,上一次沙尘暴席卷火星发生在2007年。

“好奇”号将与火星上方的一系列航天器合作,收集有关这次沙尘暴的信息。科学家希望厘清这种风暴为什么会持续数月,并增长到如此巨大的规模;而另一些沙尘暴则很小,且只持续一周。

了解这些事件对于未来的火星探测非常重要,因为在火星表面的宇航员希望能避免遇到这种极具破坏性的天气,其风速可达112公里/小时。

尽管地球也曾受到此类沙尘暴的侵袭,特别是在北非、中东和美国西南部等地区,但地球上的环境阻止了它们在全球传播。地球的大气层更厚、重力更强,会迫使尘埃下沉,而且地球上的植被也有助于保持沙子和土壤固定。

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