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春暖花开 烦人的"毛毛"又来了 咋整?

2018-04-25 00:13:24   科普中国 

本文专家:黄佳,上海交通大学医学院医学博士

梨花淡白柳深青,柳絮飞时花满城,当下大部分北方城市进入了“四月飞雪”季,给人们的出行和身体健康带来了很大的困扰。

通常,我们出门的感觉是这样的:

春暖花开 烦人的

这样的:

春暖花开 烦人的

还有这样的:

春暖花开 烦人的

那么,杨柳絮是怎么来的?会给我们带来什么样的影响?我们又该如何防范呢?

今天就为大家科普一下!

杨柳絮是怎么来的?

杨树和柳树都分为雌株与雄株,雄花开放后会产生花粉,花粉飞散在空气中。

雌株的花序是由若干朵小花组成的葇荑花序,每一朵小花发育后长成一个小蒴果,小蒴果里面包被着白色絮状的绒毛,待种子发育成熟后,白色絮状的绒毛便携带着种子漫天随风飞散,这就是常说的“杨柳飞絮”。

春暖花开 烦人的

杨柳絮会引起过敏吗?

造成过敏需要两个条件,过敏原和过敏体质。

春天最常见的过敏原是杨柳树雄株产生的花粉,而不是雌株产生的杨柳絮。

然而在杨柳絮随风飘舞的过程中,极易携带花粉或者空气中的尘埃,一旦接近过敏体质的人群,就会造成过敏现象。

因为空气中有很多尘埃、细菌、还有杨柳树雌雄种在一起,所以柳絮中往往夹带着这些过敏原。

春暖花开 烦人的

还会造成哪些危害?

1、会影响空气质量。

2、影响身体健康。

如导致皮肤过敏,出现小红疹、脱皮、红肿和瘙痒等。如果不慎飞入眼睛、鼻孔,可能引起不适甚至炎症,刺激加重哮喘、支气管炎等呼吸道疾病。

3、影响公共安全。

如飞絮可能遮挡行人、车辆出行视线从而影响交通安全,堵塞汽车水箱散热片致使开锅熄火。如果飞进食品加工企业的厂房,还会威胁食品生产安全。

此外,杨柳絮结构蓬松且具有油脂,加之随风漫天飞舞,接触烟头或者明火很容易导致火灾的发生。

春暖花开 烦人的

面对杨柳絮如何防范?

1、尽量减少与杨柳絮的接触,做好防护措施,有条件的最好安装室内空气净化装置,减少杨柳絮在室内的漂浮。

过敏体质的人,应尽量避免“拈花惹草”,外出最好戴上密封性较好的口罩。

2、除了防范鼻腔吸入毛絮外,还应该防范毛絮钻入眼内,当毛絮飘入眼睛时不要用脏手去揉,可以通过眨眼让眼泪自然地将其冲刷出眼睛。

假如仍有异物感,可用纯净水冲洗眼睛。如果还不见效,建议立即到医院处理,谨防出现各类眼疾。

春暖花开 烦人的

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