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一种癌症“疫苗”能治愈97%的老鼠肿瘤

2018-04-03 10:05:43   科技日报 

原标题:一种癌症“疫苗”能治愈97%的老鼠肿瘤

一种癌症“疫苗”能治愈97%的老鼠肿瘤

图片来自网络

据美国趣味科学网站近日报道,一种能治愈老鼠体内97%肿瘤的新型癌症“疫苗”将于今年底首次进行人体试验。但专家表示,人类癌症患者要获得此类药物,可能还需假以时日。

斯坦福大学科学家报告称,在对罹患淋巴瘤、乳腺癌和结肠癌等癌症的90只小鼠进行的研究中,即使肿瘤已扩散到身体其他部位,这种新疗法仍消除了87只小鼠的癌症肿瘤(治愈率达97%)。他们将于今年底在35名淋巴瘤患者身上测试这种疗法。

研究人员称,严格来说,新疗法并不属于疫苗,只是涉及一个类似疫苗注射的步骤。该疗法可被称为免疫疗法,包含两种药物,可刺激免疫细胞T细胞,诱使它们攻击癌症细胞。在动物实验中,将药物注射到一个肿瘤中就可以消除身体其他部位的肿瘤——因为活性T细胞会迁移到身体其他部位,破坏已扩散的肿瘤,而且这一疗法在很多情况下也能预防未来肿瘤的出现。

免疫疗法并不新鲜,目前已有几种免疫疗法获批用于治疗癌症。例如,最近被批准用于治疗某些白血病和淋巴瘤的CAR-T细胞疗法,通过提取病人体内某些特定的免疫细胞,加以基因改造,让这些细胞对抗癌症。但研究人员表示,与CAR-T细胞疗法相比,新疗法的优势之一在于,它不需要对病人的免疫细胞进行基因改造。

兆豪健康癌症研究中心的爱丽丝·波利斯博士并没有参与这一研究,她认为,对这种疗法进行人体试验“令人兴奋”,但在动物试验中取得好结果并不意味着在人类身上也如此。

她说:“我们已经能治愈老鼠身上的很多癌症了。今年人体试验的对象是淋巴瘤,可能还需要多年才能弄清楚这种疗法是否适用于乳腺癌、结肠癌等其他癌症,这两种癌症目前没有免疫疗法。”

新试验是I期研究,即它只测试治疗的安全性,而不涉及有效性。

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