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专访:书成国恨心犹烈——访《南京不哭》作者郑洪

2017-12-13 09:39:40   新华网

新华社美国波士顿12月12日电

专访:书成国恨心犹烈——访《南京不哭》作者郑洪

新华社记者颜亮郭一娜朱东阳

在美国麻省理工学院终身教授郑洪的心中,古城南京有着特殊的意义。

现年80岁的郑洪,出生在卢沟桥事变和南京大屠杀发生那一年。他的“南京情缘”要从22年前“偶遇”的一场讲座说起……

1995年4月的一天,同事告诉他,麻省理工学院正在举办关于日本二战史的讲座。他赶过去一看,三名美国教授和一名日本学者正向台下200多名听众讲述广岛和长崎被原子弹轰炸事件。四人声称,日本才是二战中受伤甚重、苦难最多的国家。他们推测称,假如没有某些特定事件,美国可能不会把原子弹投向广岛和长崎。

郑洪热血冲脑,他顿时想起幼年时亲见日本战机轰炸广东家乡、自己和家人“躲警报”、街头尸横遍地的一幕幕惨状。他站起来抗议:“如果一群强盗闯入了你的家中,强暴了你的妻子,杀死了你的儿女,还要割破你的喉管,警察进屋来制服了强盗,救了你的命。请问台上四位尊贵的先生,这是警察在暴力执法吗?”

面对郑洪的质问,台上台下一片安静。一名美国主讲人简单敷衍了几句,又把话题扯回原来方向。事后,《麻省理工学院技术评论》杂志刊登一篇长文,由讲座主讲人之一执笔,继续为日本辩护。郑洪投书反驳,但杂志过了几个月才刊载,且篇幅遭大幅删减,只是那名主讲人文章的十分之一。

“他们限制我发言,我更要发言,”郑洪说,“《南京不哭》就是我对他们的回答。”

英文不是他的母语,南京不是他的家乡,但童年记忆托起的使命感推动着他。郑洪决定写一部以“南京大屠杀”为主题的小说,因为那是日本侵华的最典型罪证。为此,在广东长大、从未去过南京的他于1999年专门申请假期,前往南京实地考察。

在南京,郑洪见到了两位大屠杀幸存者常志强和姜根福。谈起1937年12月13日南京沦陷这一天的遭遇,两人老泪纵横。这是西方历史书不曾记载的惨剧,郑洪把他们的记忆写进了《南京不哭》。

从2005年到2015年,郑洪作为一名物理学家,克服了“跨界”创作的诸多困难,十易其稿,终于完成了这部英文小说。2016年,作品被麻省理工学院所辖出版社出版。当年年底,郑洪亲译的中文版由江苏译林出版社发行。

《南京不哭》是继张纯如的《南京大屠杀:第二次世界大战中被遗忘的大浩劫》后,又一部以南京大屠杀为题材、由美国华人学者写就的作品。与张纯如冷峻的纪实风格相比,《南京不哭》以两对男女的悲欢离合为主线,既痛述国殇又弘扬人性温情,让读者体会南京大屠杀的惨烈,也领略中国的风俗人情、器物文化。

郑洪说,这本书他是为自己而写,为与他一样在战乱中长大的同辈人而写,也是为不了解那场战争之痛的年青一代而写。

《南京不哭》面世后,连续数周在美国亚马逊网站上卖到脱销,多次加印。读者阿兰·蔡斯认为,这部小说是“不为人知的中日关系黑暗史上的一道亮光。不为人知的日军暴行、乱世下的爱情和亲情、宽恕和铭记……内容可信、叙述动人,令我手不释卷,理解了藏在今天中日关系深处的情感”。

郑洪的同事彼得·肯普索恩阅后感叹,他对中日战争和东亚文化知之甚少,小说让他终于明白了中国人对日本侵华战争难以释怀的深层原因。更可贵的是,小说结尾为实现民族和解、友好共处提供了希望。

《南京不哭》大获成功,但郑洪仍不满足。他认为,在对二战真相话语权的诠释上,日本右翼组织非常“积极”,仅就他所知,这些组织面向西方社会出版了600多本二战专著,美国的主流社会也在很大程度上被这些言论所误导。

“书成国恨心犹烈,唱罢梅花意未休。”正如郑洪所言,“历史不容剪裁,我们有权对世界发声,把中国人过去身受的苦难说清楚,提升世界的认知,唤醒装睡者的良知。像我这样年纪的老人,身历抗日战争的煎熬,有责任把这个历史的教训传下来,留给我们的后代。”

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