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新华时评:当“南京记忆”成为世界记忆

2017-12-13 09:36:56   新华网

新华社北京12月12日电述评:当“南京记忆”成为世界记忆

新华社记者韩梁

20多年前,美国图书编辑苏珊·罗宾娜第一次听华裔作家张纯如讲述南京大屠杀时,她为这段惨绝人寰的历史竟鲜有人提及而震惊和困惑。

1997年,《南京大屠杀:第二次世界大战中被遗忘的大浩劫》在美国出版,中华民族承受的那段苦难记忆终于再次走进西方公众的视野。

随着更多史料的发掘整理,“南京记忆”日益丰富充实。2015年,《南京大屠杀档案》列入联合国教科文组织《世界记忆名录》。南京大屠杀史实展走进欧洲战争博物馆。不久前,加拿大安大略省议会投票通过有关“设立南京大屠杀纪念日”的动议。日本民间团体举行研讨会,以亲历者口述历史揭露日本侵华战争真相。在第四个南京大屠杀死难者国家公祭日到来之际,各种形式的“南京祭”在世界多地举行,数百海外华侨华人社团将同步联动公祭。

纪念南京浩劫,是为了保持警醒,避免悲剧重演。人们不会忘记,80年前那个让人彻骨寒的金陵冬天,依然有不灭的人性之光,带来温暖与希望。南京沦陷期间,德国人约翰·拉贝与友人共同建立南京国际安全区,为数十万中国平民提供避难所;金陵女子文理学院代理院长明妮·魏特琳与同事收留庇护逾万名妇女儿童和难民;美国医生罗伯特·威尔逊夜以继日救治中国受害者;美国人约翰·马吉秘密拍摄105分钟画面,成为南京大屠杀留存至今的唯一动态影像……他们来自不同国度,身份各异,出于共同的人道主义精神,不顾个人生死,竭力护佑难民,向世界勇敢揭露侵略者的暴行。因为他们的存在,历史得以更完整还原。

探寻南京真相,是为了守护真理正义,维护人类尊严。如何看待这段钉在人类文明耻辱柱上的历史,绝不是简单学术问题。幸存者的口述、真实的影像、见证者的记录,都是无可辩驳的证据。妄图否定南京大屠杀历史,是对历史的抹杀,更是对受害者的人格侮辱。历史不会因时代变迁而改变,事实也不会因巧舌抵赖而消失。

守护“南京记忆”,是为了汇聚和平力量,开创光明未来。从奥斯维辛集中营到南京大屠杀,这些历史上的惨痛记忆时刻提醒人们,一旦丧失理性、陷入疯狂,文明在野蛮面前就会不堪一击。1986年诺贝尔和平奖得主、美国作家伊利·威塞尔说,“忘记大屠杀,就是二次屠杀”。经历苦难、走向复兴,在全球视野下讲述这段“南京记忆”,中国坚持走和平发展道路,与世界命运与共、携手前行的脚步更加有力。

历史无法改变,未来可以塑造。在对暴行的回忆、讲述和记录中,把不义从遗忘的黑洞中拉出,重新建立与现实的联系,让更多人汲取教训、省察自我。这是幸存者的责任,也是后来者的担当。如今,北美不少公立学校课程纳入亚洲二战史相关内容。全球30多个国家选用包含南京大屠杀内容的历史选修课教材。正如一名海外华人所说,下一代能从历史中学到什么,是教育的重要课题。通过教育,年轻人能够认识自身对世界和平所肩负的责任。

反思历史,方知从何而来、向何而去。留存记忆,才能建立认同、迈向未来。当“南京记忆”成为世界记忆,世界反法西斯斗争的历史才会更加完整,人类和平发展的道路才能汇聚起更多携手前行的力量。

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