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惊艳世界!不靠风不靠水,这个中国造神器发电靠这招

2017-11-24 09:13:44   央视财经

(原标题:惊艳世界!不靠风不靠水,这个中国造神器发电竟然靠这招…

曾经谈之色变的“瓦斯气”,如今成为清洁能源典范全靠神奇的气体发动机

中船重工集团旗下的河柴重工历经千百次实验,终于生产出高速柴油发动机,不但意味着中国军舰将装上自己的“中国心”,引发世界轰动,而且他们还突破了另外一项技术,那就是大型气体发动机。我们平常乘坐的公交和出租车大部分都采用了气体发动机,气体发动机不仅可以利用天然气,石油气、煤层气作为能源,还可以利用沼气、垃圾填埋气。在贵州的大山里,他们把自己研制的气体发动机应用在了一座特殊的电站里。

中国瓦斯气利用水平全球领先经济效益令人惊喜

早上八点,虽然下着蒙蒙细雨,但文家坝发电站站长邓洪还是和两个员工进行例行的安全检查。这座位于贵州大山深处的发电站不靠风力,不靠水力,也不用煤,驱动它的能源就来自深埋在地下的瓦斯气,这里的发电机组也是来自于中船重工集团河柴重工。

“瓦斯气”学名煤层气,主要成分为甲烷,赋存于煤层之间。各种新闻报道中,矿井经常由于泄漏的瓦斯气遇到明火引燃发生爆炸造成生命和财产损失,以至于人们谈“瓦斯”而色变。实际上,因为它的主要成分为甲烷,经过充分燃烧利用它只会排出水和二氧化碳,所以瓦斯气还是一种可开采的清洁能源。

文家坝电站安装了四台燃气发电机组,任晓辉这次是专程从洛阳赶来做两个月运行情况检验的。

中船重工集团河柴重工气体机设计技术总师任晓辉:现在这台机器它的运行时间已经1476小时,总发电量104万度电。

任晓辉介绍说,这四台燃气发电机组是中船重工集团河柴重工自主研发的,自动化程度非常高,就连排风扇、气体浓度测量仪都是由控制柜自动运行的,平时员工的日常工作就是简单的巡检,一般的停机启动这些工作只需要对这触摸屏和按键动动手指就可以办到,而除此之外,它还有一项世界领先的技术。

任晓辉说,全球的瓦斯发电行业,国外是燃烧高浓度瓦斯,低浓度瓦斯全部排空,在中国把低浓瓦斯全部给利用起来了,河柴发电机组在低浓瓦斯发电机组上,可以燃烧10%左右的瓦斯,瓦斯利用的浓度值已经在全球是领先了。

瓦斯气如果直接排入大气,造成的污染是二氧化碳的21倍。如今用来发电的瓦斯气不仅有着良好的环境效益,还有着可观的经济效益。

贵州水矿奥瑞安清洁能源有限公司总经理孟海涛:瓦斯电站现在效益还是很好的,两个月来总共发电量接近三百万度,每天的发电量是五到六万度电左右。我们测算了一下,它的利润率能够达到30%。

孟海涛告诉我们,国家关于瓦斯发电有相应的政策。首先要保证煤矿自用,然后富余的上网。目前文家坝瓦斯电站能够满足煤矿的50%的用电量,等下一步未来两座电站全部建起来以后电会有富余,那时候电就会解决大山里的居民用电问题。按照每户居民平均每天用电量三度来计算,现在他们每天的发电量接近六万度,可以供两万户家庭使用。

检查完贵州的发电机组,任晓辉马不停蹄,他还要赶快飞回洛阳,气体机试验场里还有一场特殊的“大考”在等待着他。

国产气体机投入使用碳铅排放下降百分之八十

气体机试验场里,中国船级社的验船师马备战正在和任晓辉仔细察看面前这台气体机的每一处零件,不放过运行中的一点细微变化。马备战告诉我们,检测认证一个发动机需要进行从零部件的加工开始跟踪。

中国船级社,是中国唯一从事船舶入级检验业务的专业机构,每一台舰船用发动机的出厂都必须经过船级社的检验认可。马备战已经有八年的检测验收经验,经过他检测认证的发动机已经有上千台,但是对这台高速大功率气体机的验收却是首次,所以他格外认真。尽管发动机的噪声达到了100分贝,但任晓辉还是通过手势和语言向马备战仔细讲解着气体机的各项指标和参数。

中船重工集团河柴重工气体机设计技术总师任晓辉:柴油机和气体机相比,气体机在氮氧排放,包括二氧化碳,包括碳铅排放,在柴油机基础上下降百分之五十到八十。

任晓辉介绍说,这台高速大功率气体发动机是在622柴油发动机基础上研发的气体机,在国内是最先进的,在世界上也属于顶尖水平,待检验认证完毕后就要去参加下个月举行的海事会。

中船重工集团河柴重工董事长、党委书记刘丕人:企业发展肯定是有很多因素促进一个企业在成长,产品的技术优势是其中很重要的一个环节,因为产品的开发和技术的革新都是一个企业内升的动力,把产品能够持续的规划好,做好,研发好,那么这个企业后劲是比较大的。

军工自主创新之路永不停休

从中船重工集团河柴重工的经历,我们可以看到中国军事装备现代化的路走得相当艰难,大部分的军事装备,研发都要靠自己,甚至是从头做起。回头去看,我们更坚定了一点,坚持自主研发,这个原则,我们不会改变。另外需要强调的是,虽然近几年军事装备领域取得了一些成果,但中国不是靠炮舰开路去开拓经贸的,而是完全靠互利互惠的合作,甚至是让利的合作,我们始终坚持走的是和平发展的道路。

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